Mexican Spanish

‘Mexican Spanish is permeated by indigenous languages’

https://english.elpais.com/usa/2021-08-13/mexican-spanish-is-permeated-by-indigenous-languages.html

Many Mexicans still feel that Spanish is an imposed language, and do not feel that this is their language

What came to Mexico was Spanish with many dialects influenced by Andalusia and the Caribbean

Because the Habsburgs always had a policy of separating the Indian villages from the Spanish villages. Divide and conquer. Separate them and then each one is in their corner and I can control them better. But in that separation, there was a great respect for their customs, legislation and indigenous ways of life. The Habsburg dynasty respected the separation of Indian villages and they used intermediaries. Documents show that they were Spanish-speaking Indians, in the sense that they spoke both languages. They spoke Zapotec and Spanish, for example.

When the Bourbons ascended the Spanish throne, they totally centralized the administration. They eliminated the separation of indigenous towns and Spanish towns, and of course imposed Spanish. Remember that they had been living together for 200 years, and that the Indians had also adopted Spanish because it was more fluid and faster for them to communicate in Spanish than to communicate in Nahuatl and to look for an interpreter. That was not because of ‘how nice it sounds.’ It was purely for survival.

Gold Rush genocide

TIL of the California Genocide, an oft-forgotten event in U.S. history due to occurring at the same time at the California Gold Rush. The Native American population of California decreased from as many as 150,000 in 1848 to 30,000 in 1870. Tribes such as the Yahi were hunted to extinction. from r/todayilearned

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_genocide

https://www.history.com/news/californias-little-known-genocide

https://newsroom.ucla.edu/stories/revealing-the-history-of-genocide-against-californias-native-americans

Russia ethnic cleansing in Georgia 2008

European Court of Human Rights has found Russia guilty of ethnic cleansing of Georgian civilians following the ceasefire of the August 2008 war from r/worldnews

https://agenda.ge/en/news/2021/167

Georgia has won the 2008 war case against Russia in the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR).

The court released its judgement earlier today which says that Russia violated several articles of the European Convention on Human rights during the conflict and carried out ethnic cleansing of Georgians.

The court said that Russia violated the following articles:

  • The right to life (Article 2).
  • Prohibition of torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (Article 3).
  • The right to liberty and security (Article 5).
  • The right to protection of private and family life (Article 8).
  • Protection of property (Article 1 of Additional Protocol 1);
  • Freedom of movement (Article 2 of Protocol No. 4).

Khmer Rouge genocide

https://www.facebook.com/groups/onlinelearningcollective/permalink/736234670340567/

(Episode TW: Genocide violence, hunger, and PTSD) (S4, EP 2). Khmer-American author Loung Ung joined me for this episode of The Banh Mi Chronicles Podcast. She is best known for her international best-seller First, They Killed My Father. She recently celebrated the 20th anniversary of her debut book which chronicled her survival as a young child during the Khmer Rouge genocide. This book would later be turned into a Netflix film in 2017 that Angelina Jolie directed. Loung shared her reflections writing this book, and how this has aided in her healing from her trauma from the genocide, and her relationship with Cambodia since the book. She reminisced on her time working with Angelina and her son Maddox on the film, and their friendship together. You can follow Loung’s work at https://www.loungung.com and her Twitter @UngLoung
— (Note: My apologies for the audio difficulties during this episode. I was working with a new microphone and to say the least, it was a “learning experience”. )

history politics genocide

The inconvenient past

https://online-lib.ru/41300/nikolay-epple_neudobnoe-proshloe-pamyat-o-gosudarstvennyh-prestupleniyah-v.html

Непогрешимая история

Почему в России оправдывают государственные преступления, объясняет филолог Николай Эппле

https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2020/10/07/87424-nepogreshimaya-istoriya

«Не допустить повторения зверств — вот в чем ответственность»

https://www.znak.com/2020-11-07/istorik_nikolay_epple_o_tom_kak_nam_izlechitsya_ot_potryaseniy_bolshevizmom

The past and the future of Russia – in the new book by Nikolay Epple

https://en.newizv.ru/news/culture/18-09-2020/the-past-and-the-future-of-russia-in-the-new-book-by-nikolai-epple

it is impossible to rely on “it will resolve itself”

Nikolay Epple scrupulously examines not only domestic attempts to overcome the totalitarian past – “thaw”, “perestroika”, current calls for “drawing the line”, masking the legitimation of power from above, or “return of names” as a real ritual of collecting a divided past from below – but also experience countries that differ from each other even in their continental affiliation. Argentina, Japan, Spain, South Africa … And, of course, Germany.

An unworked past creates a gap in the social fabric, for which there are no ready-made healing mechanisms. Just as the ghosts of deceased convicts cannot integrate into the ways of dealing with the spirits of the dead, habitual for local residents, forcing the living to withdraw from their homes, so the memory of the mass Soviet terror on a national scale cannot be built into existing memory structures. It does not form an ordinary cultural humus, but lies in an unprocessed layer, now and then “breaking through” into the reality of today“.

Maxim Trudolyubov: “The Soviet legacy is not just material for historians. This is the foundation on which the country stands”.