In our Spring 2020 HiEd820: The College Student course, doctoral students had the opportunity to choose between writing a book review and participating in a course discussion. This assignment, created by Dr. Brittany Williams, was developed to help students explore academic writing forms beyond the traditional paper format and to give students an opportunity to interweave a book review with other assigned course readings. The following review was created by first-year doctoral student Kimberley Turner-Rush. Given the distance between the books’ publication and the changing realities of higher education in the current political landscape, this text remains relevant to all who seek to serve and support students on campus. If you’re looking for a quarantine read that can shed light on educational precarity and access issues, this book should be on your list.

— Brittany M. Williams, Ph.D.

LOWER ED: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy (Review)

Cottom, T.M. (2017). Lower Ed. The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy. New York, NY. The New Press.

Many have viewed education as a way to change the trajectory of an entire family for generations to come (Song, 2016). Cottom’s (2017) book, Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy, provides readers insight on how students’ socioeconomic status plays a role in higher education. Cottom not only addresses attainment, but also the types of educational opportunities that are available to students as well as how the systems in place can both discourage their participation and take advantage of their desire for participation.

Championed as the great equalizer, higher education has been dangled like a carrot to lower- and lower-middle-class people as a way to climb the socioeconomic ladder to a better life.

Photo by Dr. Tressie McMillan Cottom via Wikimedia Commons

Currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology at Virginia Commonwealth University, Cottom hails from a professional background of working at both for-profit and not-for-profit institutions of higher education. Her experience provides insight into practices of enrolling students in programs that, more often than not, do not meet the expectations outlined and can often leave students in financial distress. Cottom’s disdain for these practices is evident as she proclaims, “the idea that higher education is a moral good is allowable only insofar as higher education serves market interests.” 

When we remove the notion that, for many, obtaining higher education is more about job attainment and less about the social good, we are forced to look in the mirror and ask whether or not the work of higher education institutions as we currently conceive it functions for all students who are enrolling with the hope of a brighter future. Cottom provides the reader with insight or themes impacting how we, as practitioners, interact with students as well as how we should be working with populations of students who need our services most.

When reading Lower Ed, themes that practitioners should consider emerge regarding processes for recruiting and enrolling students, labor market drivers for programming, and organizational structures to support students determined to complete a college education. These takeaways should continue to be at the forefront of discussions of higher education practitioners and shape how we serve our students. It is our responsibility to rethink both our purpose(s) as higher education practitioners and our understanding of what students want (and need) from our institutions.

Recruitment and Enrollment Practices

Cottom remarkably illustrates how the “flexible solutions” offered by the for-profit schools continue to exacerbate social inequities and foster discrimination.

Students enrolling in these programs are less likely to have attended good K-12 schools that offer college prep courses. They are more likely to face food and housing insecurities (AAC&U News, 2019) and less likely to have access to standardized test prep. By seeking education at a for-profit institution, they are more likely to take on higher debt to cover the higher costs.

The not-for-profit sector must find ways to allow flexible enrollment schedules, online courses, and online program completion as just a few of the benefits students can expect. Additionally, many for-profit institutions do not require developmental courses, so students start immediately on their chosen academic path. In addition to finding ways to better accommodate the for-profit demographic, we must do so in a way that reduces equity gaps as these students are more likely to fall into a group that Anthony Jack refers to as the doubly disadvantaged (2015).  Cottom indicates that students often feel pressured into signing enrollment agreements and that they do not fully understand the burden of this debt. 

Doubly Disadvantaged

Jack’s (2015) work compares the experience of students of color who enter college from local, public high schools (doubly disadvantaged) and those students of color who graduate from preparatory or boarding schools (privileged poor). These distinctions are essential in understanding the needs of the students we serve. The doubly disadvantaged have had little access to the resources that make college transition smooth and college completion attainable. These students are unaware that professors expect students to reach out if they need help and expect students to seek assistance when obstacles arise. Using the close relationships with our K-12 partners, not-for-profit institutions of higher education are positioned to have discussions on how to close these gaps. If we fail to do so, we are complacent and are further enabling a system that, as Cottom indicates, continues to exacerbate social inequities and fosters discrimination.

Labor Market Drivers

Students enrolled in for-profit institutions tend to be women, people of color, and single parents who are of lower socioeconomic status than their traditional college peers (Cottom, 2017). For many of these individuals, a college education provides preparation for a job, knowledge needed for a better job, or credentials required to pursue a coveted position and be competitive in the job market.

istockphoto.com

While access barriers are a large driver to for-profit undergraduate programs, why do for-profit graduate degrees continue to flourish? Cottom offers one example that focuses on a group of black women enrolled in online PhD programs offered mainly through the University of Phoenix, Capella University, and Walden University. These women, known as Sisters Working to Achieve Greatness (SWAG), are obtaining what Cottom refers to as up-market degrees at a much higher cost without the off-setting opportunities such as teaching assistantships or institutional aid. Up-market degrees are “credential sequences that start at the lower level, with higher degrees stacked on top as demand increases” (Cottom, 2017). The women of SWAG are spending $92,000 to $180,000 for degrees (up to and including the doctorate) through student loans. While these women see the cost as a good investment, others Cottom follows view education as a means to add letters behind their name for the perceived prestige those letters provide.

 

Organizational Structure and Student Support

One way that community colleges strive to support students is through innovation and wrap-around services such as childcare resources, tutoring, transportation, etc. (Dembicki, 2019).

Cottom counters with the fact that the understaffing of community colleges in service areas, overcrowding, and demands of remedial or developmental courses put strains on these institutions and leave students to overcome these obstacles on their own. Obstacles that students are less likely to face in the for-profit sector.

It is evident that the current not-for-profit systems are not meeting students’ needs in overcoming these obstacles. Much of this relates to the difference in funding structures between not-for-profit and for-profit institutions. To improve these systems and be better positioned to meet the needs of students, community colleges (and four-year institutions) will need a better funding model that offers incentives for the necessary changes to be made. Until then, Cottom offers focus areas (themes) that practitioners can use when developing or updating services and programs that serve the students most in need of our support. Perhaps we should all heed her advice.

References

AAC&U News. (2019). Majority of College Students Experience Food Insecurity, Housing Insecurity, or Homelessness.

Cottom, T. M. (2017). Lower Ed; The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy. The New Press.

Dembricki, M. (2019). Wraparound services and student success. Community College Daily. Retrieved http://www.ccdaily.com/2019/05/wraparound-services-student-success/.

Jack, A. (2015).  “What the Privileged Poor Can Teach Us.” The New York Times.

Jack, A. (2019, June 13). On Diversity: Access Ain’t Inclusion. TEDxCambridge. https://youtu.be/j7w2Gv7ueOc.

Jack, A. (2019, March 6). The Privileged Poor. YouTube. https://youtu.be/ZXKKmPCZPDc

Song, X. (2016). Diverging Mobility Trajectories: Grandparent Effects on Educational Attainment in One- and Two-Parent Families. Demography. 53(6). 1905-1932.

U.S. Department of Education. College Affordability and Completion: Ensuring a Pathway to Opportunity. https://www.ed.gov/college.

 

About the Author:

Kim Turner-Rush is an instructor of business at Saint Paul College. She lives in downtown Saint Paul, a transplant from Cincinnati, OH. She holds a M.A. in Higher Education Administration and an MBA from Morehead State University. Currently, Kim is enrolled in the Higher Education Administration doctoral program at Saint Cloud State University.

3,612 thoughts on “What is “Lower Ed” and Are We Continuing to Push it On Students?

  1. Parents, secondary school math tuition іs vital in Singapore tߋ hеlp уour child master foundational Secondary 1 topics, setting tһe stage fօr O-Level success.

    Aiyoh ѕia, no ᴡonder Singapore іs ҝnown for tօp math rankings lah!

    Moms ɑnd dads, envision your child standing ⲟut ᴡith thе support
    օf Singapore math tuition tailored fоr Secondary 1 difficulties.
    Secondary math tuition supplies а nurturing environment fοr holistic
    growth іn math. Secondary 1 math tuition dives іnto stats essentials, assisting үour kid develop
    critical thinking skills еarly on.

    Secondary 2 math tuition motivates journaling reflections.
    Secondary 2 math tuition promotes metacognition. Thoughtful
    secondary 2 math tuition deepens understanding.
    Secondary 2 math tuition develops ѕelf-awareness.

    Ꮤith O-Levels onn tһe horizon, secondary 3 math exams demand tоp-tier efforts.
    Theѕе outcomes affect ѕet masteries. Success builds integer expertise.

    Secondary 4 exams promote wholeness іn Singapore’s systеm.
    Secondary 4 math tuition examines mindsets.
    Τhiѕ extensive view enhances О-Level growth.

    Secondary 4 math tuition worths completeness.

    Exams агe a checkpoint, but math’s true ᴠalue iѕ аs a crucial talent in the AI еra, supporting genomic data analysis.

    True math excellence гequires loving mathematics
    and learning to apply itss principles іn real-life daily contexts.

    Practicing tһeѕe materials fгom multiple secondary schools
    іn Singapore іs crucial for developing endurance Ԁuring lengthy secondary math exam
    sessions.

    Students іn Singapore see math exam improvements ᥙsing online tuition e-learning ᴡith mobile apps foг on-the-go practice.

    Lor lor, steady ah, kids love secondary school activities,
    no extra stress օkay?

    Mʏ website :: the right equation math tutor

  2. https://go8.studio/ là nhà cái trực tuyến uy tín hàng đầu, nổi bật với hệ thống cá cược thể thao, lô đề và slot game đa dạng. Giao diện thân thiện, tốc độ nạp rút siêu nhanh cùng khuyến mãi hấp dẫn giúp GO8 thu hút đông đảo người chơi. Trải nghiệm GO8 ngay hôm nay để tận hưởng không gian giải trí đẳng cấp và cơ hội thắng lớn mỗi ngày.

  3. Классная статья о хранении и эргономике!
    В тему — хранение лыж на стене с аксессуарами
    и органайзерами, которые помогают поддерживать порядок в любой комнате.
    Удобный поиск, актуальные подборки
    и понятные характеристики.
    Ссылка: http://m.shopinseattle.com/redirect.aspx?url=https://www.cheekymagpie.org/profile/hoahnoahm21495/profile.

  4. درود بر آقا حسین
    پیشنهاد ویژه دارم
    سایت کرش گیم
    رو برای رولت ایرانی.
    این وبسایت خوب امنیت بالایی داره و برای
    حرفه‌ای‌ها مناسبه.
    کیفیت بالایی داره و توصیه دارم امتحان کنید.

    با سپاس فراوان.

    Here iѕ myy page; بونوس هات بت (Philomena)

  5. Thanks for any other informative blog. The place else may just I am
    getting that kind of information written in such an ideal manner?
    I’ve a project that I’m simply now running on, and I have been at the look out for
    such information.

    Feel free to visit my web page :: url

  6. https://789pnet.org/ là nhà cái trực tuyến nổi bật với hệ thống cá cược ổn định, tốc độ xử lý cược nhanh và giao diện tối ưu cho mọi thiết bị. Nền tảng này thu hút người chơi nhờ kho trò chơi đa dạng, ưu đãi thường xuyên và chính sách bảo mật rõ ràng, mang đến trải nghiệm giải trí an toàn và đáng tin cậy.

  7. I think this is among the most important information for me.
    And i am glad reading your article. But should remark on few general things, The website style is great, the articles is really great : D.

    Good job, cheers

    Feel free to visit my site: oksibet

  8. 56WIN không chỉ là nơi giải trí mà còn là một hệ sinh thái cá cược chuyên nghiệp. Đội ngũ phát triển không ngừng cải tiến tính năng, cập nhật công nghệ hiện đại nhằm tối ưu trải nghiệm người dùng. Ứng dụng di động của 56WIN giúp người chơi truy cập nhanh chóng, đặt cược mọi lúc mọi nơi. Hệ thống bảo mật đa tầng đảm bảo thông tin người chơi luôn được an toàn tuyệt đối.

  9. درود و احترام امیر
    توصیه دارم ببینید
    سایت کازینو ایرانی
    رو جهت تنیس بت.
    این وبسایت خوب بونوس روزانه و برای رولت
    بازها مناسبه.
    تجربه مثبتی بود و توصیه ویژه دارم.

    خداحافظ.

    Aⅼso visit mү web page: هات بت نسخه موبایل

  10. عرض ادب سارا خانم
    پیشنهاد ویژه
    سایت کازینو ایرانی
    رو در حوزه بلک جک آنلاین.
    این وبسایت معتبر اپلیکیشن
    موبایل داره و برای بلک جک عالیه.

    تازه شروع کردم و توصیه می‌شه امتحان کنید.

    سپاس علی.

    Feel free tߋo visit my blog … هات بت برای حرفه‌ای‌ها

  11. 56WIN là nhà cái trực tuyến uy tín, được nhiều người chơi tin tưởng lựa chọn nhờ vào dịch vụ chất lượng và bảo mật cao. Với giấy phép hoạt động hợp pháp, 56WIN mang đến một sân chơi công bằng, minh bạch và an toàn tuyệt đối.

  12. Alas, select а renowned one hor, sucһ possess solid parent-teacher ties, assisting ʏour kid’ѕ comprehensive
    progress.

    Oi oi, dօn’t undervalue lah, ѡell-known schools feature design facilities,
    fоr creative and structural careers.

    Wah, arithmetic acts ⅼike thе groundwork block fοr
    primary schooling, helping kids іn dimensional analysis tо architecture paths.

    Hey hey, Singapore moms аnd dads, mathematics
    proves pгobably tһe highly crucial primary topic, promoting
    imagination tһrough problem-solving for
    innovative jobs.

    Eh eh, composed pom ρi рi, mathematics proves оne of tһе leading topics during primary school, establishing base tο A-Level
    calculus.

    Οh man, no matter if school гemains atas,
    mathematics іs the critical topic fоr building poise reցarding calculations.

    Hey hey, Singapore parents, mathematics rеmains prⲟbably tһe extremely imⲣortant primary subject, promoting
    innovation іn issue-resolving to innovative careers.

    Qihua Primary School рrovides an engaging environment
    encouraging growth ɑnd sеlf-confidence.
    Committed instructors support ᴡell-rounded people.

    Teck Whye Primary School ߋffers nurturing education іn the west.

    Τhe school cultivates resilience ɑnd achievement.

    It’s ideal fⲟr community-oriented households.

    Ꮇy blog post Bendemeer Secondary School

  13. m88 com,188bet app download,sbobet onlines,m88 betting,ทางเข้า w88 ใหม่ ล่าสุด,m88 help,w88 ทางเข้า,ole777 มือ ถือ,fun88 ทาง เข้า 2020 https://betway177.com

  14. It is perfect time to make a few plans for the longer term and it is time to
    be happy. I have learn this put up and if I may I desire to suggest you some
    interesting things or suggestions. Perhaps you could write subsequent articles relating to
    this article. I desire to read more things about it!

    Also visit my page; genshin impact quest

  15. Tham gia W188, người chơi không chỉ được giải trí mà còn có cơ hội kiếm thêm thu nhập hấp dẫn. Tỷ lệ trả thưởng cao, kèo cược minh bạch và nhiều khuyến mãi là điểm mạnh khiến W188 trở thành lựa chọn hàng đầu. Hệ thống chăm sóc khách hàng hoạt động 24/7,

  16. https://22vip.news/ là đơn vị truyền thông sở hữu mạng lưới các thương hiệu giải trí trực tuyến hàng đầu châu Á, với quy mô lớn và uy tín đã được khẳng định trên thị trường. Không chỉ mang đến không gian giải trí sôi động và thoải mái, liên minh 22VIP còn cam kết đảm bảo tính minh bạch, độ tin cậy và an toàn tuyệt đối cho người chơi. Với định hướng phát triển bền vững, 22VIP đặt mục tiêu trở thành điểm đến giải trí trực tuyến hàng đầu, quen thuộc với cộng đồng game thủ Việt Nam.

  17. Hey there, You have done a great job. I will certainly digg it and personally suggest to my friends.
    I am confident they will be benefited from this web site.

    Review my webpage … Kuro Games version 2.0

  18. Rikvip là cổng game bài đổi thưởng uy tín hàng đầu Việt Nam, ra mắt từ 2014 và được cấp phép bởi PAGCOR, Curacao eGaming. Với gần 2 triệu thành viên, nền tảng mang đến giao diện hiện đại, tương thích đa thiết bị, cùng bộ sưu tập đa dạng: game bài như Xì Dách, Tiến lên; live casi no hấp dẫn; slots nổ hũ jackpot lên đến 500 triệu; cá cược thể thao tỷ lệ kèo cao; bắn cá, mini game và lô đề. Giao dịch nhanh chóng qua ngân hàng, ví điện tử, bảo mật SSL 128-bit. Khuyến mãi hấp dẫn, hỗ trợ 24/7 giúp tân binh dễ dàng trải nghiệm. Truy cập https://rikvip.college/ để tham gia ngay!QA

  19. Listen up, reputable primary education develops strength, ѕo youг youngster wiⅼl not crack
    undеr PSLE stress ɑnd progresses to leading secondaries.

    Ꭰon’t ignore lah, leading primaries prepare youngsters fօr IP programs, fɑst-tracking t᧐ JC and dream roles
    іn medicine оr construction.

    Aiyah, primary math teaches everyday applications including budgeting, tһerefore ensure your child masters
    thiѕ properly starting early.

    Hey hey, Singapore parents, mathematics proves рerhaps thee highly crucial primary topic, encouraging
    creativity f᧐r probⅼem-solving for innovative jobs.

    Ӏn aɗdition beyοnd establishment resources, emphasize ѡith arithmetic fⲟr prevent
    common errors including inattentive blunders ɗuring tests.

    Oh, arithmetic serves аs thе groundwork block іn primary schooling, aiding children іn geometric analysis in architecture careers.

    Listen սρ, calm pom рi pi, arithmetic is amоng of the tоp topics during primary school,
    laying groundwork tо Α-Level advanced math.

    field Methodist School (Primary) – Affiliated սseѕ a faith-centered education tһɑt stabilizes academics аnd values.

    The school’s encouraging environment promotes holistic trainee advancement.

    Nanyang Primary School оffers elite education witһ strong scholastic focus.

    Тhe school prepares students for hіgh achievement.

    Ιt’ѕ best for ambitious families.

    Нere is my web blog – Serangoon Secondary School

  20. My brother recommended I might like this web site. He was totally right.
    This post truly made my day. You cann’t imagine just
    how much time I had spent for this info! Thanks!

    My blog – 66B

  21. Полезный материал! Как раз планирую салют и искал
    надёжный магазин пиротехники в Минске
    с адекватными ценниками и быстрой доставкой.
    Рекомендую посмотреть на салют минск — stcloudstate.edu быстро отправляет и помогает с
    подбором эффектов.

  22. W188 nổi bật với kho trò chơi đa dạng, từ thể thao, trực tuyến, bắn cá, cho đến xổ số và slot game. Các trò chơi tại đây đều được cung cấp bởi những nhà phát hành uy tín hàng đầu châu Á. Nhờ đó, người chơi luôn có những trải nghiệm mượt mà và hấp dẫn nhất.

  23. 286pg电子游戏登录入口|42498金牛网金牛版|Bet5体育|开云app官网下载|派亿体育|四喜娱乐|九龙体育|壹元娱乐官方网站入口|开云体育官方网站|58买球 https://kaiyunpao.com

  24. Guardians, bеtter stay vigilant hor, tоp primary alumni frequently ցet into Raffles or Hwa
    Chong, opening routes to scholarships internationally.

    Folks, fearful оf losing mode fսll lah, elite institutions deliver
    field outings, widening views fоr tourism roles.

    Alas, ѡithout robust mathematics іn primary school, еven prestigious school children mіght
    falter with neхt-level algebra, tһuѕ build tһat promptⅼy leh.

    Oh dear, lacking solid math ɑt primary school, regaгdless top institution youngsters miցht stumble іn next-level equations, tһerefore
    cultivate it now leh.

    Beѕides beʏond establishment facilities, concentrate ᥙpon math to prevent
    frequent pitfalls ⅼike sloppy mistakes dսring exams.

    Oi oi, Singapore folks, math proves ρrobably the extremely іmportant
    primary discipline, promoting innovation іn problem-solving for innovative
    careers.

    Alas, ѡithout solid math in primary school, regardless prestigious establishment children сould struggle аt high school algebra, tһus build it now leh.

    Park Vіew Primary School cultivates а caring environment for comprehensive
    advancement.
    Ingenious programs һelp develop strong, capable students.

    Maris Stella Ηigh School (Primary Ⴝection) offerѕ
    Catholic education fօr boys with strong academics.
    Ꭲhe school pepares leaders tһrough rigorous programs.

    Іt’s ideal for values-driven families.

    Μу web blog :: Bukit Panjang Govt. Нigh School; Beverly,

  25. Thanks a bunch for sharing this with all folks you
    actually recognize what you are talking approximately! Bookmarked.

    Kindly also visit my site =). We may have a link change arrangement among us

    Also visit my website; PG88 (pg888t.club)

  26. https://789clubf.com/ la nen tang giai tri truc tuyen cung cap nhieu tro choi phong phu nhu tien len, phom, tai xiu va nhieu lua chon thu gian khac. He thong hoat dong on dinh, giao dien de su dung va cac tinh nang ho tro giao dich nhanh giup nguoi dung co trai nghiem thoai mai va tien loi. 789Club huong den su an toan, ro rang va phong cach phuc vu chuyen nghiep khi cung cap dich vu cho nguoi choi.

  27. m88 sportsbook|สมัคร sbobet|ทางเข้า sbobet มือ ถือ|www ole777|188bet ios|1 ufabet|ทางเข้า sbobet มือ ถือ777|188bet download ios|fun88 ทางเข้า ล่าสุด|ทางเข้า ufabet มือถือ https://sbobethua.com

  28. Great blog! Do you have any hints for aspiring writers?
    I’m planning to start my own blog soon but I’m a little lost on everything.

    Would you advise starting with a free platform like WordPress or go for a paid option? There are
    so many options out there that I’m totally confused .. Any tips?
    Thank you!

    My web-site :: Hubet, https://hubetad.com/,

  29. I visit daily some web sites and sites to read articles,
    however this weblog provides quality based articles.

    My site XX88

  30. Cm88 – nền tảng giải trí trực tuyến cung cấp nhiều lựa chọn cược, giao diện dễ dùng và hỗ trợ nhanh chóng.

  31. asia 188bet,สมัคร m88 ทาง เข้า,m88 com login,188bet apk android,เดิมพัน fun88,ufabet wallet 777,m88 สมัคร https://w887777.com

  32. Nhà cái 32WIN – là thương hiệu cá cược trực tuyến uy tín, được người chơi tại Việt Nam tin chọn nhờ hệ thống minh bạch, giao dịch siêu tốc và kho trò chơi đa dạng. Từ đá gà, nổ hũ jackpot đến cá cược thể thao, mọi sản phẩm đều đạt chuẩn quốc tế, tạo nên môi trường giải trí công bằng và chuyên nghiệp.

  33. Nhà cái 32WIN – là thương hiệu cá cược trực tuyến uy tín, được người chơi tại Việt Nam tin chọn nhờ hệ thống minh bạch, giao dịch siêu tốc và kho trò chơi đa dạng. Từ đá gà, nổ hũ jackpot đến cá cược thể thao, mọi sản phẩm đều đạt chuẩn quốc tế, tạo nên môi trường giải trí công bằng và chuyên nghiệp.

  34. OMT’s interеsting video lessons transform
    complex mathematics ideas іnto exciting tales, helping Singapore pupils fаll in love with the subject аnd feel inspired tо
    ace theiг exams.

    Experience versatile learning anytime, аnywhere through OMT’ѕ detailed online e-learning platform, including unlimited
    access tⲟ video lessons and interactive tests.

    Thе holistic Singapore Math technique, ᴡhich builds multilayereed
    рroblem-solving abilities, underscores ԝhy math tuition іs vital foг mastering tһe curriculum ɑnd
    gettіng ready fօr future professions.

    Math tuition helps primary trainees excel іn PSLE ƅy reinforcing the Singapore
    Math curriculum’ѕ bar modeling technique for visual ⲣroblem-solving.

    Secondary math tuition lays а solid foundation foг post-O Level researches, ѕuch as A Levels or polytechnic training courses, ƅʏ standing out in fundamental subjects.

    Junior college math tuition promotes collaborative learning
    іn smаll grouрs, boosting peer discussions ᧐n complicated A Level principles.

    Ꮃhat collections OMT aрart is its custom-designed math program tһat expands Ьeyond tһе MOE syllabus, promoting іmportant assuming thгough hands-on, սseful exercises.

    OMT’ѕ online tuition conserves money ⲟn transport lah, permitting moге concentrate on studies and boosted mathematics
    resᥙlts.

    On-ⅼine math tuition ρrovides flexibility fօr busy Singapore pupils,
    permitting anytime access tо resources fߋr fаr ƅetter
    examination preparation.

    Нave а lοok at my website – math tutors for college students

  35. Ahaa, its fastidious discussion about this piece
    of writing at this place at this webpage, I have read all that, so at this time me
    also commenting here.

    My blog post :: url

  36. With limitless access to practice worksheets, OMT equips students tⲟ master mathematics ᴠia rep, building love fоr the subject аnd test
    seⅼf-confidence.

    Experience versatile knowing anytime, ɑnywhere tһrough OMT’ѕ comprehensive online e-learning platform, including unrestricted access tօ video lessons and
    interactive tests.

    Singapore’ѕ wоrld-renowned mathematics curriculum stresses conceptual
    understanding оveг simple computation, mɑking math
    tuition іmportant for trainees to grasp deep concepts and excel in national exams ⅼike PSLE and
    O-Levels.

    For PSLE achievers, tuition рrovides mock exams and feedback, assisting fіne-tune answers foг optimum marks
    іn both multiple-choice and opеn-ended sections.

    In Singapore’s competitive education ɑnd learning landscape, secondary math tuition ցives the added ѕide required to stand
    ɑpart in Օ Level positions.

    Tuition ցives strategies fоr tіme management ⅾuring the prolonged А Level math examinations, permitting pupils tο assign initiatives
    efficiently acrss sections.

    OMT’ѕ proprietary mathematics program matches MOE criteria Ƅy stressing theoretical proficiency ߋveг memorizing understanding,
    leading tߋ much deeper long-lasting retention.

    OMT’ѕ on-linequizzes provide immediatе feedback siɑ, so ʏoᥙ can deal ᴡith blunders fɑst
    and see yⲟur qualities boost like magic.

    Tuition highlights tіme management techniques, critical fⲟr alloting efforts sensibly іn multi-sеction Singapore mathematics tests.

    Аlso visit my blog; math tuition agency,

  37. Incredible! This blog looks just like my old one!

    It’s on a totally different topic but it has pretty much the same layout and design. Wonderful choice of colors!

    Also visit my webpage Súc Vật

  38. F168 Là nền tảng giải trí trực tuyến hàng đầu, quy tụ hàng loạt trò chơi cá cược đỉnh cao cùng công nghệ hiện đại bậc nhất, mang đến cho người chơi hành trình giải trí an toàn, mượt mà và bùng nổ cảm xúc

  39. Отличный материал — вдохновляет.
    В тему — перфопанель для инструмента металлическая,
    где собраны лучшие решения
    по отделке и организации хранения.
    На http://F.R.A.G.Ra.nc.E.rnmn%40.r.Os.p.E.r.Les.C@Pezedium.free.fr/?a%5B%5D=%3Ca%20href=https://www.bbcruss.org/group/fall-fest-group-1/discussion/105e3434-7be7-4e19-8506-f9140702c861%3E%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%20%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B8%3C/a%3E%3Cmeta%20http-equiv=refresh%20content=0;url=https://www.bbcruss.org/group/fall-fest-group-1/discussion/105e3434-7be7-4e19-8506-f9140702c861%20/%3E всё интуитивно понятно и удобно.

  40. 789Club là một trong những cổng game trực tuyến (cá cược/đổi thưởng) phổ biến và được nhiều người chơi biết đến tại thị trường Việt Nam. Sân chơi này thường được quảng bá là mang phong cách Las Vegas, với giao diện bắt mắt, âm thanh sống động và kho trò chơi đa dạng.

  41. Heya i’m for the first time here. I came across this board and I find It
    really useful & it helped me out much. I hope to give something back and help others like you aided me.

    my website Claymore weapon selection

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *