In our Spring 2020 HiEd820: The College Student course, doctoral students had the opportunity to choose between writing a book review and participating in a course discussion. This assignment, created by Dr. Brittany Williams, was developed to help students explore academic writing forms beyond the traditional paper format and to give students an opportunity to interweave a book review with other assigned course readings. The following review was created by first-year doctoral student Kimberley Turner-Rush. Given the distance between the books’ publication and the changing realities of higher education in the current political landscape, this text remains relevant to all who seek to serve and support students on campus. If you’re looking for a quarantine read that can shed light on educational precarity and access issues, this book should be on your list.
— Brittany M. Williams, Ph.D.
LOWER ED: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy (Review)
Cottom, T.M. (2017). Lower Ed. The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy. New York, NY. The New Press.
Many have viewed education as a way to change the trajectory of an entire family for generations to come (Song, 2016). Cottom’s (2017) book, Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy, provides readers insight on how students’ socioeconomic status plays a role in higher education. Cottom not only addresses attainment, but also the types of educational opportunities that are available to students as well as how the systems in place can both discourage their participation and take advantage of their desire for participation.
Championed as the great equalizer, higher education has been dangled like a carrot to lower- and lower-middle-class people as a way to climb the socioeconomic ladder to a better life.
Currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology at Virginia Commonwealth University, Cottom hails from a professional background of working at both for-profit and not-for-profit institutions of higher education. Her experience provides insight into practices of enrolling students in programs that, more often than not, do not meet the expectations outlined and can often leave students in financial distress. Cottom’s disdain for these practices is evident as she proclaims, “the idea that higher education is a moral good is allowable only insofar as higher education serves market interests.”
When we remove the notion that, for many, obtaining higher education is more about job attainment and less about the social good, we are forced to look in the mirror and ask whether or not the work of higher education institutions as we currently conceive it functions for all students who are enrolling with the hope of a brighter future. Cottom provides the reader with insight or themes impacting how we, as practitioners, interact with students as well as how we should be working with populations of students who need our services most.
When reading Lower Ed, themes that practitioners should consider emerge regarding processes for recruiting and enrolling students, labor market drivers for programming, and organizational structures to support students determined to complete a college education. These takeaways should continue to be at the forefront of discussions of higher education practitioners and shape how we serve our students. It is our responsibility to rethink both our purpose(s) as higher education practitioners and our understanding of what students want (and need) from our institutions.
Recruitment and Enrollment Practices
Cottom remarkably illustrates how the “flexible solutions” offered by the for-profit schools continue to exacerbate social inequities and foster discrimination.
Students enrolling in these programs are less likely to have attended good K-12 schools that offer college prep courses. They are more likely to face food and housing insecurities (AAC&U News, 2019) and less likely to have access to standardized test prep. By seeking education at a for-profit institution, they are more likely to take on higher debt to cover the higher costs.
The not-for-profit sector must find ways to allow flexible enrollment schedules, online courses, and online program completion as just a few of the benefits students can expect. Additionally, many for-profit institutions do not require developmental courses, so students start immediately on their chosen academic path. In addition to finding ways to better accommodate the for-profit demographic, we must do so in a way that reduces equity gaps as these students are more likely to fall into a group that Anthony Jack refers to as the doubly disadvantaged (2015). Cottom indicates that students often feel pressured into signing enrollment agreements and that they do not fully understand the burden of this debt.
Doubly Disadvantaged
Jack’s (2015) work compares the experience of students of color who enter college from local, public high schools (doubly disadvantaged) and those students of color who graduate from preparatory or boarding schools (privileged poor). These distinctions are essential in understanding the needs of the students we serve. The doubly disadvantaged have had little access to the resources that make college transition smooth and college completion attainable. These students are unaware that professors expect students to reach out if they need help and expect students to seek assistance when obstacles arise. Using the close relationships with our K-12 partners, not-for-profit institutions of higher education are positioned to have discussions on how to close these gaps. If we fail to do so, we are complacent and are further enabling a system that, as Cottom indicates, continues to exacerbate social inequities and fosters discrimination.
Labor Market Drivers
Students enrolled in for-profit institutions tend to be women, people of color, and single parents who are of lower socioeconomic status than their traditional college peers (Cottom, 2017). For many of these individuals, a college education provides preparation for a job, knowledge needed for a better job, or credentials required to pursue a coveted position and be competitive in the job market.
While access barriers are a large driver to for-profit undergraduate programs, why do for-profit graduate degrees continue to flourish? Cottom offers one example that focuses on a group of black women enrolled in online PhD programs offered mainly through the University of Phoenix, Capella University, and Walden University. These women, known as Sisters Working to Achieve Greatness (SWAG), are obtaining what Cottom refers to as up-market degrees at a much higher cost without the off-setting opportunities such as teaching assistantships or institutional aid. Up-market degrees are “credential sequences that start at the lower level, with higher degrees stacked on top as demand increases” (Cottom, 2017). The women of SWAG are spending $92,000 to $180,000 for degrees (up to and including the doctorate) through student loans. While these women see the cost as a good investment, others Cottom follows view education as a means to add letters behind their name for the perceived prestige those letters provide.
Organizational Structure and Student Support
One way that community colleges strive to support students is through innovation and wrap-around services such as childcare resources, tutoring, transportation, etc. (Dembicki, 2019).
Cottom counters with the fact that the understaffing of community colleges in service areas, overcrowding, and demands of remedial or developmental courses put strains on these institutions and leave students to overcome these obstacles on their own. Obstacles that students are less likely to face in the for-profit sector.
It is evident that the current not-for-profit systems are not meeting students’ needs in overcoming these obstacles. Much of this relates to the difference in funding structures between not-for-profit and for-profit institutions. To improve these systems and be better positioned to meet the needs of students, community colleges (and four-year institutions) will need a better funding model that offers incentives for the necessary changes to be made. Until then, Cottom offers focus areas (themes) that practitioners can use when developing or updating services and programs that serve the students most in need of our support. Perhaps we should all heed her advice.
References
AAC&U News. (2019). Majority of College Students Experience Food Insecurity, Housing Insecurity, or Homelessness.
Cottom, T. M. (2017). Lower Ed; The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy. The New Press.
Dembricki, M. (2019). Wraparound services and student success. Community College Daily. Retrieved http://www.ccdaily.com/2019/05/wraparound-services-student-success/.
Jack, A. (2015). “What the Privileged Poor Can Teach Us.” The New York Times.
Jack, A. (2019, June 13). On Diversity: Access Ain’t Inclusion. TEDxCambridge. https://youtu.be/j7w2Gv7ueOc.
Jack, A. (2019, March 6). The Privileged Poor. YouTube. https://youtu.be/ZXKKmPCZPDc
Song, X. (2016). Diverging Mobility Trajectories: Grandparent Effects on Educational Attainment in One- and Two-Parent Families. Demography. 53(6). 1905-1932.
U.S. Department of Education. College Affordability and Completion: Ensuring a Pathway to Opportunity. https://www.ed.gov/college.
About the Author:
Kim Turner-Rush is an instructor of business at Saint Paul College. She lives in downtown Saint Paul, a transplant from Cincinnati, OH. She holds a M.A. in Higher Education Administration and an MBA from Morehead State University. Currently, Kim is enrolled in the Higher Education Administration doctoral program at Saint Cloud State University.
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Aberdeen Emerging Markets Equity 1 G627 Aberdeen Asset
Managers Ltd GBX ABI Global Emerging Markets Equities UK Insurance Funds
Aberdeen Emerging Markets Equity B Acc A6C8 Aberdeen Asset Managers Ltd GBX ABI Global
Emerging Markets Equities UK Insurance Funds
Aberdeen Emerging Markets I Acc ZY91 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA Global Emerging Markets UK
OEICs
Aberdeen Emerging Markets Z Acc H999 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs
GBX IMA Global Emerging Markets UK OEICs
Aberdeen Ethical World A Acc MJ40 Aberdeen Unit
Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA Global UK OEICs
Aberdeen Ethical World A Inc MJ41 Aberdeen Unit
Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA Global UK OEICs
Aberdeen Ethical World I Inc MJ43 Aberdeen Unit
Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA Global UK OEICs
Aberdeen European Equity A Acc DZ95 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA
Europe Excluding UK UK OEICs
Aberdeen European Equity Growth 1 G626 Aberdeen Asset Managers Ltd GBX ABI
Europe excluding UK Equities UK Insurance Funds
Aberdeen European Equity Z Acc H998 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA
Europe Excluding UK UK OEICs
Aberdeen European Frontiers A Acc GOV0 Aberdeen Unit Trusts
& OEICs GBX IMA Specialist UK OEICs
Aberdeen European Smaller Companies A Ac KZ80 Aberdeen Unit
Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA European Smaller Companies UK OEICs
Aberdeen European Smaller Companies Z Ac KZ81 Aberdeen Unit
Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA European Smaller Companies UK OEICs
Aberdeen Global Asia Pacific Equity A2 U AO53
Aberdeen Global Services S.A. USD FO Equity – Asia
Pacific ex Japan Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Asian Local Currency Sho 00MX
Aberdeen Global Services S.A. CHF FO Fixed Int
– Asia Pacific Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Asian Smaller Companies B0Y3 Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
USD FO Equity – Asia Pacific ex Japan Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Asian Smaller Companies GWQT Aberdeen Global Services
S.A. GBP FO Equity – Asia Pacific ex Japan Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Asian Smaller Companies GWQU Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
USD FO Equity – Asia Pacific ex Japan Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Asian Smaller Companies GWQV Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
EUR FO Equity – Asia Pacific ex Japan Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Asian Smaller Companies OK03 Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
GBP IMA Asia Pacific Excluding Japan Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Asian Smaller Companies OK99 Aberdeen Global Services
S.A. USD FO Equity – Asia Pacific ex Japan Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Asian Smaller Companies OL96 Aberdeen Global Services
S.A. USD FO Equity – Asia Pacific ex Japan Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Chinese Equity D2 GBP OK09 Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
GBP IMA China/Greater China Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Emerging Markets Equity A3R9 Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
USD FO Equity – Emerging Markets Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Emerging Markets Equity CN63 Aberdeen Global
Services S.A. USD FO Equity – Emerging Markets Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Emerging Markets Equity D2A1 Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
USD FO Equity – Emerging Markets Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Emerging Markets Equity E932 Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
USD FO Equity – Emerging Markets Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Emerging Markets Equity J1Q8 Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
EUR FO Equity – Emerging Markets Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Emerging Markets Equity JXG2 Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
CHF FO Equity – Emerging Markets Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Emerging Markets Equity OL59 Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
USD FO Equity – Emerging Markets Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Emerging Markets Equity OL61 Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
GBP IMA Global Emerging Markets Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Emerging Markets Equity XX04 Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
USD FO Equity – Emerging Markets Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Emerging Markets Equity XX13 Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
USD FO Equity – Emerging Markets Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Emerging Markets Smaller ` Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
USD FO Equity – Emerging Markets Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Emerging Markets Smaller GWRS
Aberdeen Global Services S.A. GBP FO Equity –
Emerging Markets Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Emerging Markets Smaller GWRT Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
USD FO Equity – Emerging Markets Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Emerging Markets Smaller GWRU Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
EUR FO Equity – Emerging Markets Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Emerging Markets Smaller V308 Aberdeen Global
Services S.A. USD FO Equity – Emerging Markets Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Emerging Markets Smaller V309 Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
GBP IMA Global Emerging Markets Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Emerging Markets Smaller V310 Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
USD FO Equity – Emerging Markets Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global European Equity Ex UK X2 GWRY Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
EUR FO Equity – Europe ex UK Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global European Equity Income S C644 Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
EUR FO Equity – Europe inc UK Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global II Sovereign Opportuniti C2H0 Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
USD FO Fixed Int – Emerging Markets Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Indian Equity D2 GBP OK32 Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
GBP IMA Specialist Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Japanese Smaller Compani X696 Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
GBP IMA Japanese Smaller Companies Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Select Emerging Markets XX23 Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
USD FO Fixed Int – Emerging Markets Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Select High Yield Bond D KX96 Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
GBP IMA Global Bonds Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global Technology Equity D2 GBP OL84 Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
GBP IMA Technology & Telecoms Offshore FSA
Aberdeen Global UK Equity A2 GBP AP29 Aberdeen Global Services S.A.
GBP FO Equity – UK Offshore FSA
Aberdeen High Yield Bond A Acc N2Z7 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA Sterling High Yield UK OEICs
Aberdeen Japan Equity Growth 1 G624 Aberdeen Asset Managers Ltd
GBX ABI Japan Equities UK Insurance Funds
Aberdeen Japan Growth A Acc MJ39 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA
Japan UK OEICs
Aberdeen Japan Growth Z Acc H997 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA Japan UK OEICs
Aberdeen Latin American Equity A Acc MNI9 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA Specialist UK OEICs
Aberdeen Latin American Equity I Acc GNON Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX
IMA Specialist UK OEICs
Aberdeen Managed Distribution A Acc I283 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA Mixed Investment 20%-60% Shrs UK OEICs
Aberdeen Managed Distribution A Inc I282 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs
GBX IMA Mixed Investment 20%-60% Shrs UK OEICs
Aberdeen Multi Asset A Acc VY96 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA Mixed Investment 40%-85% Shrs UK OEICs
Aberdeen Multi Asset A Inc A342 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX
IMA Mixed Investment 40%-85% Shrs UK OEICs
Aberdeen Multi Asset I Acc AH21 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA Mixed Investment 40%-85%
Shrs UK OEICs
Aberdeen Multi Manager Cautious Managed BY05 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs
GBX IMA Mixed Investment 20%-60% Shrs UK Authorised Unit
Trust
Aberdeen Multi Manager Cautious Managed BY06
Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA Mixed Investment 20%-60% Shrs UK Authorised Unit Trust
Aberdeen Multi Manager Constellation Por BY11 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA Global UK Authorised Unit Trust
Aberdeen Multi Manager Constellation Por BY12 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA
Global UK Authorised Unit Trust
Aberdeen Multi Manager Emerging Markets BY14 Aberdeen Unit Trusts &
OEICs GBX IMA Global Emerging Markets UK Authorised Unit
Trust
Aberdeen Multi Manager Equity Managed Po CE03 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA Flexible Investment
UK Authorised Unit Trust
Aberdeen Multi Manager Equity Managed Po CE06 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA Flexible Investment UK Authorised Unit Trust
Aberdeen Multi Manager Ethical Portfolio TJ60 Aberdeen Unit Trusts &
OEICs GBX IMA Specialist UK Authorised Unit Trust
Aberdeen Multi Manager International Gro TJ57 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA Global UK Authorised Unit Trust
Aberdeen Multi Manager Multi Asset Distr TJ61 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA Mixed Investment 20%-60% Shrs UK Authorised Unit Trust
Aberdeen Multi Manager Sterling Bond Por BY25 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs
GBX IMA Sterling Corporate Bond UK Authorised Unit Trust
Aberdeen Multi Manager UK Growth Portfol BY27 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX
IMA UK All Companies UK Authorised Unit Trust
Aberdeen Multi Manager UK Income Portfol BY32 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA UK Equity Income UK Authorised
Unit Trust
Aberdeen Multi Manager UK Income Portfol BY35 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs
GBX IMA UK Equity Income UK Authorised Unit Trust
Aberdeen New Thai IT PLC Ord 25p MJ20 Aberdeen Asset Managers GBX IT
Country Specialists Asia Pacific Investment Trusts
Aberdeen North American Equity A DB94 Aberdeen Asset Managers Ltd GBX ABI North
America Equities UK Insurance Funds
Aberdeen Property Share A Acc KV58 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA
Property UK OEICs
Aberdeen Responsible UK Equity A Acc EW92 Aberdeen Unit
Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA UK All Companies UK OEICs
Aberdeen Smaller Companies High Income O GC13 Aberdeen Asset Managers
GBX IT UK High Income Investment Trusts
Aberdeen Sterling Long Dated Government DN93 Aberdeen Asset Managers Ltd GBX ABI Sterling Long Bonds UK Insurance Funds
Aberdeen UK Equity A Acc DZ90 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA UK All Companies UK OEICs
Aberdeen UK Equity A Inc DZ89 Aberdeen Unit Trusts &
OEICs GBX IMA UK All Companies UK OEICs
Aberdeen UK Equity I Acc DZ92 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA UK All
Companies UK OEICs
Aberdeen UK Equity Income 1 G622 Aberdeen Asset Managers Ltd GBX
ABI UK Equity Income UK Insurance Funds
Aberdeen UK Equity Income A Acc KZ83 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA
UK Equity Income UK OEICs
Aberdeen UK Equity Income A Inc KZ84 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX
IMA UK Equity Income UK OEICs
Aberdeen UK Equity Income I Acc KZ85 Aberdeen Unit Trusts
& OEICs GBX IMA UK Equity Income UK OEICs
Aberdeen UK Equity Income I Inc KZ86 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX
IMA UK Equity Income UK OEICs
Aberdeen UK Equity Mid Cap 1 G621 Aberdeen Asset Managers Ltd
GBX ABI UK All Companies UK Insurance Funds
Aberdeen UK Mid Cap A Acc KV61 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA UK All Companies UK
OEICs
Aberdeen UK Mid Cap A Inc KV62 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA UK All
Companies UK OEICs
Aberdeen UK Mid Cap Z Acc H995 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA UK All Companies UK OEICs
Aberdeen UK Smaller Companies A Acc UX95 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA UK Smaller Companies UK OEICs
Aberdeen World Equity A Acc A343 Aberdeen Unit Trusts
& OEICs GBX IMA Global UK OEICs
Aberdeen World Equity A Inc SY04 Aberdeen Unit Trusts &
OEICs GBX IMA Global UK OEICs
Aberdeen World Equity D 0P3G Aberdeen Asset Managers Ltd GBX ABI Global Equities
UK Insurance Funds
Aberdeen World Equity I Acc BAG9 Aberdeen Unit Trusts
& OEICs GBX IMA Global UK OEICs
Aberdeen World Equity Z Acc H994 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA Global UK OEICs
Aberdeen World Growth & Income A Acc 04S4
Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA Global Equity Income UK OEICs
Aberdeen World Growth & Income A Inc GOV2 Aberdeen Unit Trusts & OEICs GBX
IMA Global Equity Income UK OEICs
Aberdeen World Growth & Income I Inc GOV1 Aberdeen Unit
Trusts & OEICs GBX IMA Global Equity Income UK OEICs
Aberforth Geared Income Trust Plc Ord 1P J2B1 Aberforth Partners GBX IT UK Smaller Companies Investment Trusts
Aberforth UK Small Companies A109 Aberforth Unit Trust Mgrs Ltd
GBX IMA UK Smaller Companies UK Authorised Unit Trust
Absolute Insight AP Acc KDE7 BNY Mellon Fund Managers Limit GBX IMA Absolute Return UK OEICs
Absolute Return Trust C EUR B5M0 Fauchier Partners
EUR IT Hedge Funds Investment Trusts
Albion Prime VCT PLC CT48 Albion Ventures LLP
GBX IT VCT Generalist Investment Trusts
Alico Artemis European Growth US45 Alico GBP ABI Europe excluding UK Equities UK Insurance Funds
Alico Artemis European Growth Pn US46 Alico GBP
ABI Europe excluding UK Equities UK Pension Funds
Alico Artemis European Growth Pn RA B6D6 Alico GBP ABI Europe excluding UK Equities UK
Pension Funds
Alico Artemis High Income AN25 Alico GBP ABI Sterling Strategic Bond UK Insurance Funds
Alico Artemis Income AN24 Alico GBP ABI UK Equity Income UK Insurance Funds
Alico Artemis UK Special Situations AN26 Alico GBP ABI UK All Companies UK Insurance Funds
Alico AXA Framlington UK Select Opportun A876
Alico GBP ABI UK All Companies UK Insurance Funds
Alico AXA Framlington UK Select Opportun A877 Alico GBP ABI
UK All Companies UK Pension Funds
Alico BlackRock Gold & General GBP A902 Alico GBP
ABI Commodity & Energy UK Insurance Funds
Alico BlackRock UK Absolute Alpha BUO4 Alico GBP ABI Specialist UK Insurance Funds
Alico BlackRock UK Absolute Alpha OS BUR7 Alico GBP FO Absolute Return Offshore FSA
Alico BlackRock UK Absolute Alpha Pn IP BUP8 Alico GBP ABI Specialist UK
Pension Funds
Alico BlackRock UK Absolute Alpha Pn RA BUP9 Alico GBP ABI Specialist UK Pension Funds
Alico CF Midas Balanced Growth QU40 Alico GBP ABI Mixed Investment 40%-85% Shrs UK Insurance Funds
Alico CF Miton Special Situations Portfo QU41 Alico GBP ABI Flexible Investment UK Insurance Funds
Alico Fidelity Emerging Europe Middle Ea BUO8 Alico GBX ABI Global Emerging Markets Equities UK Insurance
Funds
Alico Fidelity Emerging Europe Middle Ea BUQ7 Alico GBX ABI Global Emerging
Markets Equities UK Pension Funds
Alico Fidelity European AN34 Alico GBP ABI Europe
excluding UK Equities UK Insurance Funds
Alico Fidelity Global Special Situations Q858 Alico GBP ABI
Global Equities UK Pension Funds
Alico Fidelity Global Special Situations Q859 Alico
GBP ABI Global Equities UK Insurance Funds
Alico Fidelity India Focus QU42 Alico GBP ABI Global
Emerging Markets Equities UK Insurance Funds
Alico Fidelity India Focus Pn RA B6E5 Alico GBP ABI Global Emerging Markets Equities UK Pension Funds
Alico Fidelity South East Asia AN38 Alico GBP ABI Asia
Pacific excluding Japan Equities UK Insurance Funds
Alico First State Asia Pacific A870 Alico GBP ABI Asia Pacific excluding Japan Equities UK Insurance
Funds
Alico First State Asia Pacific Leaders G QU43 Alico GBP ABI Asia Pacific excluding Japan Equities
UK Insurance Funds
Alico First State Asia Pacific Leaders P B6B7 Alico GBP
ABI Asia Pacific excluding Japan Equities UK Pension Funds
Alico First State Asia Pacific Leaders P QU53 Alico GBP ABI Asia Pacific excluding Japan Equities UK Pension Funds
Alico GLG Japan CoreAlpha BUO6 Alico GBP ABI Japan Equities UK Insurance Funds
Alico GLG Japan CoreAlpha OS BUR9 Alico GBP FO Equity – Japan Offshore FSA
Alico GLG Japan CoreAlpha Pn IP BUQ2 Alico GBP ABI Japan Equities UK Pension Funds
Alico GLG Japan CoreAlpha Pn RA BUQ3 Alico GBP ABI Japan Equities UK Pension Funds
Alico Invesco Perpetual Corporate Bond G ZJ48 Alico GBP ABI Sterling Corporate Bond UK Insurance Funds
Alico Invesco Perpetual Corporate Bond P B6A6 Alico GBP ABI Sterling Corporate Bond UK
Pension Funds
Alico Invesco Perpetual Corporate Bond P ZH06 Alico
GBP ABI Sterling Corporate Bond UK Pension Funds
Alico Invesco Perpetual Distribution GBP AYK2 Alico GBP ABI Mixed Investment 20%-60% Shrs UK Insurance Funds
Alico Invesco Perpetual Distribution Pn B5X4 Alico GBP ABI
Mixed Investment 20%-60% Shrs UK Pension Funds
Alico INVESCO Perpetual Euro Equity AD63 Alico GBX ABI Europe excluding UK Equities UK Insurance
Funds
Alico Invesco Perpetual Income AD64 Alico GBP ABI UK Equity Income UK
Insurance Funds
Alico Invesco Perpetual Latin America Pn B5V3
Alico GBP ABI Global Emerging Markets Equities UK Pension Funds
Alico JPM Europe Pn RA B6C2 Alico GBP ABI
Europe excluding UK Equities UK Pension Funds
Alico JPM Natural Resources GBP US51 Alico GBP ABI Commodity & Energy UK Insurance Funds
Alico Jupiter Emerging European Opportun Q840 Alico GBP ABI Global Emerging Markets
Equities UK Pension Funds
Alico Jupiter Emerging European Opportun Q841 Alico GBP ABI Global Emerging Markets Equities UK
Insurance Funds
Alico Jupiter European GBP Q838 Alico GBP ABI Europe excluding UK Equities UK
Insurance Funds
Alico Jupiter European Pn RA GBP B6A9 Alico GBP ABI Europe excluding UK Equities UK Pension Funds
Alico Jupiter Financial Opportunities A0N7 Alico GBP ABI Specialist UK Insurance Funds
Alico Jupiter Income AN44 Alico GBP ABI UK
Equity Income UK Insurance Funds
Alico Jupiter Merlin Balanced Portfolio GQE1 Alico GBP ABI Mixed Investment 40%-85% Shrs UK Insurance Funds
Alico Jupiter Merlin Balanced Portfolio GQF4 Alico GBP ABI
Mixed Investment 40%-85% Shrs UK Pension Funds
Alico Jupiter Merlin Balanced Portfolio GQF5 Alico GBP ABI Mixed Investment 40%-85% Shrs UK Pension Funds
Alico Jupiter Merlin Balanced Portfolio GQF6
Alico GBP ABI Mixed Investment 40%-85% Shrs UK Pension Funds
Alico Jupiter Merlin Income Portfolio GB Q835 Alico GBP ABI Mixed
Investment 20%-60% Shrs UK Insurance Funds
Alico M&G Global Basics GBP Q829 Alico GBP ABI Global Equities UK
Insurance Funds
Alico M&G Property GBP Q826 Alico GBP ABI UK Direct Property UK Insurance Funds
Alico M&G UK Growth AD75 Alico GBX ABI UK All Companies UK Insurance Funds
Alico Neptune Russia & Greater Russia GB AYL4 Alico GBP ABI Specialist
UK Insurance Funds
Alico Newton Asian Income AYL8 Alico GBP ABI Asia Pacific excluding Japan Equities UK Insurance Funds
Alico Newton Higher Income AD78 Alico GBP ABI UK Equity Income UK Insurance
Funds
Alico Old Mutual Corporate Bond GBP A904 Alico GBP ABI Sterling Corporate Bond UK
Insurance Funds
Alico Old Mutual UK Select Small Compani A907 Alico GBP ABI UK Smaller Companies UK Insurance Funds
Alico Old Mutual UK Select Smaller Compa A906 Alico GBP ABI UK Smaller Companies
UK Pension Funds
Alico PPB Invesco Perpetual Income Pn RA B6A7 Alico
GBP ABI UK Equity Income UK Pension Funds
Alico Schroder European Alpha Plus A0N3 Alico GBP ABI Europe excluding UK Equities UK Insurance Funds
Alico Schroder Global Property Securitie Q811 Alico GBP
ABI Global Property UK Insurance Funds
Alico Schroder UK Alpha Plus GBP ZJ50 Alico GBP ABI UK All Companies UK Insurance
Funds
Alico Schroder UK Alpha Plus Pn GBP ZH10 Alico GBP ABI UK
All Companies UK Pension Funds
Alico Schroder UK Mid 250 GBP A910 Alico GBP ABI UK All Companies
UK Insurance Funds
Alico Schroder UK Mid 250 Pn GBP A911 Alico GBP ABI UK All Companies UK Pension Funds
Alico TGSB Artemis UK Special Situations AL72 Alico GBP ABI UK All Companies UK
Pension Funds
Alico Threadneedle American Select Growt AO24 Alico GBP ABI North America Equities UK Insurance Funds
Alico Threadneedle European Smaller Comp GQD7 Alico GBP
ABI Europe excluding UK Equities UK Insurance Funds
Alico Threadneedle European Smaller Comp GQG6 Alico GBP ABI Europe excluding UK Equities UK Pension Funds
Alico Threadneedle European Smaller Comp GQG8 Alico GBP
ABI Europe excluding UK Equities UK Pension Funds
Alico Threadneedle Strategic Bond A914 Alico GBP ABI Sterling Strategic Bond UK Insurance
Funds
Alico Threadneedle UK Equity Income BUO7 Alico GBP ABI UK Equity Income UK Insurance
Funds
Alico Threadneedle UK Equity Income Pn I BUQ4 Alico
GBP ABI UK Equity Income UK Pension Funds
Alico Threadneedle UK Equity Income Pn R BUQ5 Alico GBP ABI UK Equity Income UK Pension Funds
Alliance Trust Asia Pacific Equity C Acc L7L1 Alliance Trust
Asset Mgt GBX IMA Asia Pacific Excluding Japan UK OEICs
Alliance Trust Global Thematic Opportuni 0L8K Alliance Trust Asset Mgt GBX IMA Global UK OEICs
Alliance Trust Monthly Income Bond B Inc J4K9 Alliance Trust Asset Mgt GBX IMA
Sterling Corporate Bond UK OEICs
Alliance Trust Monthly Income Bond P Inc J4L3 Alliance Trust Asset Mgt GBX IMA Sterling Corporate Bond UK OEICs
Alliance Trust PLC ID56 Alliance Trust GBX IT Global Growth Investment Trusts
Alliance Trust Sustainable Future Corpor CU96 Alliance Trust Asset Mgt GBX IMA Sterling Corporate Bond UK OEICs
Alliance Trust Sustainable Future Corpor CU97 Alliance Trust Asset Mgt GBX IMA Sterling Corporate Bond UK
OEICs
Alliance Trust Sustainable Future Corpor GD09 Alliance Trust Asset Mgt GBX IMA Sterling Corporate Bond UK OEICs
Alliance Trust Sustainable Future Europe CU99 Alliance Trust Asset Mgt GBX IMA Europe Excluding UK UK
OEICs
Alliance Trust Sustainable Future Europe GD14 Alliance Trust
Asset Mgt GBX IMA Europe Excluding UK UK OEICs
Alliance Trust Sustainable Future Europe GN17 Alliance Trust Asset Mgt GBX IMA
Europe Excluding UK UK OEICs
Alliance Trust Sustainable Future Manage GN22 Alliance Trust Asset Mgt GBX IMA Mixed Investment 40%-85% Shrs UK OEICs
Alliance Trust Sustainable Future UK Gro GD10 Alliance Trust
Asset Mgt GBX IMA UK All Companies UK OEICs
Alliance Trust Sustainable Future UK Gro GN25 Alliance Trust Asset Mgt GBX IMA UK All Companies UK OEICs
Alliance Trust Sustainable Future UK Gro GN26 Alliance Trust
Asset Mgt GBX IMA UK All Companies UK OEICs
Alliance Trust UK Ethical 1 Acc NX14 Alliance Trust Asset
Mgt GBX IMA UK All Companies UK OEICs
Alliance Trust UK Ethical 2 Acc NX15 Alliance Trust
Asset Mgt GBX IMA UK All Companies UK OEICs
Alliance Trust UK Ethical 3 Inc GD15 Alliance Trust
Asset Mgt GBX IMA UK All Companies UK OEICs
Alliance Trust UK Ethical A Acc GN72 Alliance Trust Asset Mgt GBX IMA UK All Companies UK OEICs
Allianz Brazil A KDE5 Allianz Global Investors UK GBX IMA
Specialist UK OEICs
Allianz Brazil C KDE6 Allianz Global Investors UK GBX IMA Specialist UK OEICs
Allianz Brazil Equity A GBP LIO2 Allianz Global Investors
Lux GBP FO Equity – Latin America Offshore FSA
Allianz BRIC Equity AT SGD IDR5 Allianz Global Investors Lux SGD
FO Equity – Emerging Markets Offshore FSA
Allianz BRIC Stars A Acc PZ93 Allianz Global Investors UK GBX IMA
Specialist UK OEICs
Allianz BRIC Stars C Acc PZ39 Allianz Global Investors UK GBX IMA Specialist UK
OEICs
Allianz Continental European A BJ21 Allianz Global Investors UK GBX IMA Europe Excluding UK
UK OEICs
Allianz Continental European C 129K Allianz Global Investors UK GBX
IMA Europe Excluding UK UK OEICs
Allianz Customised Global Equity C DB44 Allianz Global Investors UK GBX IMA Global
UK OEICs
Allianz Dynamic Growth A BJ04 Allianz Global Investors UK GBX IMA Specialist UK OEICs
Allianz Europe Small Cap Equity A GBP GLP2 Allianz Global Investors Lux GBP IMA European Smaller Companies Offshore
FSA
Allianz European Equity Income A Acc F1R6 Allianz
Global Investors UK GBX IMA Europe Excluding UK UK OEICs
Allianz European Equity Income A Inc F1R5 Allianz Global
Investors UK GBX IMA Europe Excluding UK UK OEICs
Allianz European Equity S EUR E2S3 Allianz Global Investors Lux EUR FO Equity – Europe inc UK Offshore FSA
Allianz Gilt Yield A BJ11 Allianz Global Investors UK GBX IMA UK Gilt UK OEICs
Allianz Gilt Yield C TI01 Allianz Global Investors UK GBX IMA UK Gilt UK
OEICs
Allianz Global Eco Trends A Acc B5H4 Allianz Global Investors UK GBX IMA Specialist UK OEICs
Allianz High Dividend Asia Pacific A EUR 0P07 Allianz Global Investors Lux EUR FO Equity – Asia Pacific ex Japan Offshore FSA
Allianz Japan A BJ06 Allianz Global Investors UK GBX IMA Japan UK OEICs
Allianz PIMCO Treasury Short Term Plus E A0GF Allianz Global Investors Lux EUR FO Currency – Euro Offshore FSA
Allianz RCM BRIC Stars A EUR K311 Allianz Global Investors Lux EUR
FO Equity – Emerging Markets Offshore FSA
Allianz RCM Tiger IT USD D853 Allianz Global Investors Lux USD FO Equity – Asia Pacific ex Japan Offshore FSA
Allianz Sterling Total Return A TI29 Allianz Global Investors UK GBX IMA Sterling Strategic Bond UK OEICs
Allianz Tiger A EUR DWF7 Allianz Global Investors Lux EUR FO Equity
– Asia Pacific ex Japan Offshore FSA
Allianz Tiger A USD DF65 Allianz Global Investors Lux USD FO Equity – Asia Pacific ex Japan Offshore FSA
Allianz Total Return Asian Equity A HA18 Allianz Global Investors
UK GBX IMA Asia Pacific Excluding Japan UK
OEICs
Allianz Total Return Asian Equity A USD ET16 Allianz Global Investors Lux USD FO Equity
– Asia Pacific ex Japan Offshore FSA
Allianz UK Corporate Bond A TI02 Allianz Global Investors UK GBX IMA Sterling Corporate Bond UK OEICs
Allianz UK Equity A DB98 Allianz Global Investors UK GBX IMA UK All Companies UK OEICs
Allianz UK Equity Income A BJ13 Allianz Global Investors UK GBX IMA
UK Equity Income UK OEICs
Allianz UK Growth A TI03 Allianz Global Investors
UK GBX IMA UK All Companies UK OEICs
Allianz UK Index A Acc K148 Allianz Global Investors UK GBX IMA
UK All Companies UK OEICs
Allianz UK Mid Cap A TI22 Allianz Global Investors UK GBX IMA UK All Companies UK OEICs
Allianz UK Unconstrained A TI14 Allianz Global Investors UK GBX IMA UK All Companies UK
OEICs
Allianz US Equity A Acc BJ23 Allianz Global Investors UK GBX IMA North America UK OEICs
Allied Dunbar UK Capital Growth AO43 Allied Dunbar International GBP FO Equity – UK Offshore FSA
Amundi Equity Greater China IU Cap GBP 00R1 Amundi Luxembourg SA GBP FO Equity – Greater
China Offshore FSA
Architas MA Active Dynamic R Acc VS54 Architas Multi-Manager Ltd GBX IMA Flexible Investment UK OEICs
Architas MA Active Growth B Acc A708 Architas Multi-Manager Ltd GBX IMA Flexible Investment UK OEICs
Architas MA Active Growth R Acc US76 Architas Multi-Manager Ltd GBX IMA
Flexible Investment UK OEICs
Architas MA Active Growth R Inc QT45 Architas Multi-Manager Ltd GBX IMA Flexible Investment UK OEICs
Architas MA Active Intermediate Income R KVS6 Architas Multi-Manager Ltd GBX IMA Mixed Investment 20%-60% Shrs UK OEICs
Architas MA Active Intermediate Income R QT44 Architas Multi-Manager Ltd GBX IMA Mixed Investment 20%-60%
Shrs UK OEICs
Architas MA Active Progressive R Acc TZ46 Architas Multi-Manager Ltd GBX IMA Mixed Investment
40%-85% Shrs UK OEICs
Architas MA Blended Intermediate R Acc MS42 Architas Multi-Manager Ltd GBX
IMA Unclassified UK OEICs
Architas MA Blended Moderate R Acc M671 Architas Multi-Manager Ltd
GBX IMA Unclassified UK OEICs
Architas MA Blended Progressive R Acc
M672 Architas Multi-Manager Ltd GBX IMA Unclassified UK OEICs
Architas MA Blended Reserve R Acc NA07 Architas Multi-Manager Ltd GBX IMA Unclassified UK OEICs
Architas MA Passive Moderate A Acc GSMU Architas Multi-Manager Ltd GBX IMA Unclassified UK OEICs
Architas MA Passive Moderate R Acc DEZ0 Architas Multi-Manager Ltd GBX
IMA Unclassified UK OEICs
Architas MM Global Equity Portfolio Acc MS43 Architas Multi-Manager Ltd GBX IMA Global UK OEICs
Architas MM Monthly High Income R Acc NB10 Architas Multi-Manager Ltd GBX IMA Unclassified UK OEICs
Architas MM UK Equity R Acc MS44 Architas Multi-Manager Ltd GBX IMA UK All Companies UK
OEICs
Artemis Alpha plc Subs N9C6 Artemis Investment Mgmt LLP
GBX IT UK Growth Investment Trusts
Artemis Capital I KVH3 Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA UK All Companies UK
Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis Capital R UR01 Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA
UK All Companies UK Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis European Growth I BUH3 Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA Europe Excluding UK UK Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis European Growth R AX41 Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA Europe Excluding
UK UK Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis Global Energy I N7A7 Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA Specialist UK Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis Global Energy R N7A6 Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA Specialist UK
Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis Global Equity A Acc U638 Artemis Investment
Mgmt LLP EUR FO Equity – International Offshore
FSA
Artemis Global Growth I BUH4 Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA Global
UK Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis Global Growth R UR02 Artemis Fund Managers GBX
IMA Global UK Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis Global Income I Inc JXZ0 Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA Global
Equity Income UK Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis Global Income R Acc JXY9 Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA Global Equity Income UK Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis Global Income R Inc JXY8 Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA Global Equity Income UK Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis Global Select I Acc A0CW Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA Global UK Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis Global Select R Acc ACQF Artemis Fund Managers
GBX IMA Global UK Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis High Income I BUH5 Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA Sterling Strategic Bond UK Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis High Income R P171 Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA Sterling Strategic Bond UK Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis Income I Acc BUH7 Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA UK
Equity Income UK Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis Income I Inc BUH6 Artemis Fund
Managers GBX IMA UK Equity Income UK Authorised Unit
Trust
Artemis Income R Acc HM06 Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA UK Equity
Income UK Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis Income R Inc AF77 Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA UK Equity Income UK Authorised
Unit Trust
Artemis Strategic Assets I Acc F5A7 Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA Flexible Investment UK
Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis Strategic Assets R Acc F5A5 Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA Flexible Investment UK
Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis Strategic Bond MI Dis BUI0 Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA Sterling
Strategic Bond UK Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis Strategic Bond MR Acc UR05 Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA
Sterling Strategic Bond UK Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis Strategic Bond MR Dis UR06 Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA Sterling Strategic
Bond UK Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis Strategic Bond QI Acc BUH9 Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA Sterling Strategic Bond UK
Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis Strategic Bond QR Acc UR03 Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA Sterling Strategic Bond UK
Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis Strategic Bond QR Dis UR04 Artemis Fund Managers GBX
IMA Sterling Strategic Bond UK Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis UK Growth I KVH1 Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA UK All Companies UK Authorised Unit
Trust
Artemis UK Growth R AC76 Artemis Fund Managers GBX
IMA UK All Companies UK Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis UK Smaller Companies I KVH2 Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA UK Smaller
Companies UK Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis UK Smaller Companies R AC77 Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA UK Smaller Companies UK Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis UK Special Situations I BUH8 Artemis Fund Managers
GBX IMA UK All Companies UK Authorised Unit Trust
Artemis UK Special Situations R AY88 Artemis Fund Managers GBX IMA UK All Companies UK Authorised
Unit Trust
Ashmore Global Opportunities GBP BMF8 Ashmore Gbl Opportunities Ltd GBP
IT Global Emerging Markets Equities Investment Trusts
Aurum AXA Fram Global Technology ET94 Aurum EUR
ABI Unclassified UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Alliance Trust UK Ethical Pn S2 ND77 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI UK All Companies UK Pension Funds
Aviva Artemis High Income S4 N773 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI
Sterling Strategic Bond UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Artemis Income S4 ASI8 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI UK
Equity Income UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Artemis Strategic Assets Pn S6 0I2C Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Flexible Investment
UK Pension Funds
Aviva Asia Pacific Property Inet DSD7 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd
GBX ABI Global Property UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Asia Pacific Property S4 DRZ9 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Global Property UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Asia-Pacific Property Pn Inet DTF4 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI
Global Property UK Pension Funds
Aviva Asia-Pacific Property Pn S13 AAJN Aviva
Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Global Property UK Pension Funds
Aviva Asia-Pacific Property Pn S6 DTF3 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Global
Property UK Pension Funds
Aviva AXA Framlington Emerging Markets P AAJP Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Global Emerging Markets Equities UK Pension Funds
Aviva AXA Framlington Emerging Markets P BEI3 Aviva Life &
Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Global Emerging Markets Equities UK Pension Funds
Aviva AXA Framlington Emerging Markets P BEI4 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Global
Emerging Markets Equities UK Pension Funds
Aviva AXA Framlington Equity Income Pn I BEI6 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI UK
Equity Income UK Pension Funds
Aviva AXA Framlington Equity Income Pn S BEI5 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd
GBX ABI UK Equity Income UK Pension Funds
Aviva Balanced Distribution S4 Inc NK79 Aviva Life & Pensions UK
Ltd GBX ABI Distribution UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Black Rock UK Absloute Alpha Inet DSD8 Aviva Life & Pensions UK
Ltd GBX ABI Specialist UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Black Rock UK Absloute Alpha S4 DSA0 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Specialist UK Insurance Funds
Aviva BlackRock Aquila UK Equity Index T A9E4 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI UK All Companies UK Pension Funds
Aviva BlackRock Aquila UK Equity Index T A9E5 Aviva Life &
Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI UK All Companies UK Pension Funds
Aviva BlackRock Continental Europe Equit AAKO Aviva Life &
Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Europe excluding UK Equities UK Pension Funds
Aviva BlackRock European Dynamic Pn S13 AAKS Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Europe excluding UK Equities UK Pension Funds
Aviva BlackRock European Dynamic Pn S6 H7X1 Aviva Life &
Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Europe excluding UK Equities UK Pension Funds
Aviva BlackRock Gold & General Pn S13 AAKT Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Commodity & Energy UK Pension Funds
Aviva BlackRock Gold & General Pn S6 BEK3 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Commodity & Energy UK Pension Funds
Aviva BlackRock Gold & General S4 N786 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI
Commodity & Energy UK Insurance Funds
Aviva BlackRock UK Absolute Alpha Pn Ine BEK6 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Specialist UK
Pension Funds
Aviva BlackRock UK Absolute Alpha Pn S13 AAKX Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI
Specialist UK Pension Funds
Aviva BlackRock UK Income Pn S13 AAKZ Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI
UK Equity Income UK Pension Funds
Aviva BlackRock UK Special Situations Pn BEK7 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI UK All Companies UK Pension Funds
Aviva BlackRock UK Special Situations Pn BEK8 Aviva Life & Pensions
UK Ltd GBX ABI UK All Companies UK Pension Funds
Aviva BlackRock UK Special Situations S4 N788 Aviva Life &
Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI UK All Companies UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Cautious Fund of Funds S1 AS42 Aviva Life & Pensions
UK Ltd GBX ABI Mixed Investment 20%-60% Shrs UK Insurance
Funds
Aviva Cautious Fund of Funds S4 NK85 Aviva Life & Pensions
UK Ltd GBX ABI Mixed Investment 20%-60% Shrs UK Insurance Funds
Aviva CIS Sustainable Leaders S4 N411 Aviva Life & Pensions
UK Ltd GBX ABI UK All Companies UK Insurance Funds
Aviva CIS UK Growth S4 N407 Aviva Life & Pensions UK
Ltd GBX ABI UK All Companies UK Insurance Funds
Aviva CIS UK Income with Growth S4 N408 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Mixed Investment
40%-85% Shrs UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Corporate Bond Inet N529 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Sterling Corporate Bond UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Corporate Bond NU NA19 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd
GBX ABI Sterling Fixed Interest UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Corporate Bond Pn Inet N583 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd
GBX ABI Sterling Corporate Bond UK Pension Funds
Aviva Corporate Bond Pn S13 AALL Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Sterling Corporate Bond UK Pension Funds
Aviva Corporate Bond Pn S2 NO42 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Sterling Corporate Bond UK
Pension Funds
Aviva Corporate Bond Pn S3 NO43 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Sterling Corporate Bond UK Pension Funds
Aviva Corporate Bond Pn S6 Acc N446 Aviva Life & Pensions UK
Ltd GBX ABI Sterling Corporate Bond UK Pension Funds
Aviva Corporate Bond Pn S8 N501 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Sterling Corporate Bond UK Pension Funds
Aviva Corporate Bond S1 NX42 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Sterling Corporate
Bond UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Corporate Bond S2 NX43 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd
GBX ABI Sterling Corporate Bond UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Corporate Bond S3 GD64 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Sterling Corporate Bond UK
Insurance Funds
Aviva Corporate Bond S4 NK87 Aviva Life & Pensions UK
Ltd GBX ABI Sterling Corporate Bond UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Deposit (CGU) Pn CC20 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Deposit &
Treasury UK Pension Funds
Aviva Deposit Pn S6 Acc N448 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Deposit
& Treasury UK Pension Funds
Aviva Deposit S4 NK89 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Deposit & Treasury UK
Insurance Funds
Aviva Equity Ordinary Pn PO14 Aviva Life &
Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI UK All Companies UK Pension Funds
Aviva European Equity Inet N532 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Europe excluding UK Equities UK Insurance Funds
Aviva European Equity NU Pn NU46 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Europe excluding UK
Equities UK Pension Funds
Aviva European Equity Pn ND81 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Europe
excluding UK Equities UK Pension Funds
Aviva European Equity Pn S2 ND82 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Europe excluding UK Equities UK
Pension Funds
Aviva European Equity Pn S6 N449 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Europe excluding UK Equities UK
Pension Funds
Aviva European Equity S1 NX50 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Europe
excluding UK Equities UK Insurance Funds
Aviva European Property S4 N838 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI
Global Property UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Fidelity American Pn S13 AALV Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI
North America Equities UK Pension Funds
Aviva Fidelity EEMEA S4 DSA2 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Global Emerging Markets Equities UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Fidelity European S4 N007 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Europe excluding UK Equities UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Fidelity Money Builder Income S4 N009 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Sterling Corporate Bond
UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Fidelity WW Special Situations S4 N005 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX
ABI Global Equities UK Insurance Funds
Aviva First State Asia Pacific Leaders P AAMI Aviva Life & Pensions UK
Ltd GBX ABI Asia Pacific excluding Japan Equities UK
Pension Funds
Aviva First State Asia Pacific Leaders P BEL7 Aviva Life
& Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Asia Pacific excluding Japan Equities UK Pension Funds
Aviva First State Asia Pacific Leaders S DSA6 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Asia Pacific excluding Japan Equities UK Insurance Funds
Aviva First State Global Emerging Market AAMJ Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Global Emerging Markets Equities UK Pension Funds
Aviva First State Global Emerging Market BEM1 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Global Emerging Markets Equities UK Pension Funds
Aviva First State Global Emerging Market BEM2 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Global Emerging
Markets Equities UK Pension Funds
Aviva First State Global Emerging Market DSA7 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI
Global Emerging Markets Equities UK Insurance Funds
Aviva First State Global Emerging Market DSE5 Aviva
Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Global Emerging Markets Equities UK Insurance Funds
Aviva First State Global Listed Infrastr AAMK
Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Specialist UK Pension Funds
Aviva Fixed Interest Initial PM Pn PO15 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI UK Gilt UK Pension Funds
Aviva Fixed Interest Initial PM Pn Ord PO16 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI UK Gilt
UK Pension Funds
Aviva GLG Balanced Managed S4 NL72 Aviva
Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Mixed Investment 40%-85% Shrs UK Insurance Funds
Aviva GLG Japan CoreAlpha Pn S6 A9D0 Aviva Life & Pensions
UK Ltd GBX ABI Japan Equities UK Pension Funds
Aviva Global Bond Pn S6 Acc N460 Aviva Life &
Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Global Fixed Interest UK Pension Funds
Aviva Global Equity Pn Inet N574 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Global Equities UK Pension Funds
Aviva Global Equity Pn S6 Acc N461 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Global Equities UK Pension Funds
Aviva Growth FoF S1 GN12 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Flexible Investment UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Growth FoF S3 GN13 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX
ABI Flexible Investment UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Growth FoF S4 NL35 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI
Flexible Investment UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Growth Fund of Funds Pn S7 N466 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX
ABI Flexible Investment UK Pension Funds
Aviva Growth Managed 2 S5 NW72 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Mixed Investment 40%-85% Shrs UK
Insurance Funds
Aviva Guaranteed 5 S4 ASJ2 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Protected/Guaranteed UK
Insurance Funds
Aviva Guaranteed 5 S4 Inet ASJ3 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd
GBX ABI Protected/Guaranteed UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Guaranteed 6 S4 DSA9 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Protected/Guaranteed UK
Insurance Funds
Aviva Guaranteed 8 S4 LAX0 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Protected/Guaranteed UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Hargreaves Lansdown Multi Manager DDO7 Aviva
Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI UK Equity Income UK
Pension Funds
Aviva Henderson China Opportunities S4 N024 Aviva Life &
Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Global Emerging Markets Equities
UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Henderson Extra Monthly Income Bon BER4 Aviva Life
& Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Sterling High Yield UK Pension Funds
Aviva Henderson Fixed Interest Monthly I A9A5 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Sterling Strategic Bond UK Pension Funds
Aviva Henderson High Yield Monthly Incom A9A7 Aviva Life & Pensions UK
Ltd GBX ABI Sterling Strategic Bond UK Pension Funds
Aviva Henderson Managed Distribution Pn AAND Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Mixed Investment 20%-60% Shrs UK Pension Funds
Aviva Henderson Sterling Bond S4 N017 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Sterling
Corporate Bond UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Henderson UK Absolute Return Inet LAY3 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Specialist UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Henderson UK Alpha Inet N647 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI UK
All Companies UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Henderson UK Alpha Pn S13 AANF Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI UK All Companies UK Pension Funds
Aviva Henderson UK Alpha Pn S6 DDQ4 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI UK All Companies UK Pension Funds
Aviva High Yield Bond S4 DSB0 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Sterling High Yield UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Higher Income Plus Pn Inet H7W0 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Sterling Strategic Bond UK
Pension Funds
Aviva Higher Income Plus Pn S13 AANH Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Sterling Strategic
Bond UK Pension Funds
Aviva Higher Income Plus Pn S6 H7V9 Aviva Life & Pensions UK
Ltd GBX ABI Sterling Strategic Bond UK Pension Funds
Aviva Index-Linked Gilt Initial PM Pn PO28 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI
UK Index – Linked Gilts UK Pension Funds
Aviva Index-Linked Gilt Initial PM Pn Or PO26 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI
UK Index – Linked Gilts UK Pension Funds
Aviva Index-Linked Gilt Pn S6 N470 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI UK Index – Linked Gilts UK
Pension Funds
Aviva Index-Linked Gilt S4 DSB1 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX
ABI UK Index – Linked Gilts UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Inv Asia Pacific Property A GBP CYX9 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA Property UK
OEICs
Aviva Inv Asia Pacific Property A Inc US 0KOB Aviva Investors
UK Fd Serv Ltd USD IMA Property UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Asia Pacific Property I Acc GB KQK7 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA Property UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Asia Pacific Property I GBP DMY3 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv
Ltd GBX IMA Property UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Balanced Managed 1 NA52 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv
Ltd GBX IMA Mixed Investment 40%-85% Shrs UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Balanced Managed 2 NA53 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA
Mixed Investment 40%-85% Shrs UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Balanced Managed 3 CU90 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd
GBX IMA Balanced Managed UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Balanced Managed A GN74 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd
GBX IMA Mixed Investment 40%-85% Shrs UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Blue Chip Tracking 1 AS01 Aviva Investors UK Fd
Serv Ltd GBX IMA UK All Companies UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Corporate Bond 1 NA92 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA Sterling Corporate Bond
UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Corporate Bond 2 NA64 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv
Ltd GBX IMA Sterling Corporate Bond UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Corporate Bond 3 Inc CU83 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA Sterling Corporate Bond
UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Corporate Bond A GN67 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA Sterling Corporate Bond UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Distribution 1 Acc NM39 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX
IMA Mixed Investment 20%-60% Shrs UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Distribution 1 Inc AS15 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX
IMA Mixed Investment 20%-60% Shrs UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Distribution 2 GN32 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv
Ltd GBX IMA Mixed Investment 20%-60% Shrs UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Distribution 3 CU98 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA Cautious Managed UK OEICs
Aviva Inv European Equity 1 NA82 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX
IMA Europe Excluding UK UK OEICs
Aviva Inv European Equity 2 NA59 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA
Europe Excluding UK UK OEICs
Aviva Inv European Equity 3 CU79 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX
IMA Europe Excluding UK UK OEICs
Aviva Inv European Equity A GN69 Aviva Investors UK
Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA Europe Excluding UK UK OEICs
Aviva Inv European Property A Acc USD MPO3 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd USX
IMA Property UK OEICs
Aviva Inv European Property R Inc GBP Q089 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA Property UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Fund of Funds Balanced 1 W999 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA Mixed Investment 40%-85% Shrs UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Fund of Funds Cautious 1 W947 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA Mixed Investment
20%-60% Shrs UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Global Balanced Income A Inc D894 Aviva Investors
UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA Specialist UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Global Balanced Income Inst In D892 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA Specialist UK
OEICs
Aviva Inv Global Property 1 Acc N841 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA Property UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Global Property 1 Inc N842 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv
Ltd GBX IMA Property UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Global Property 3 Inc N843 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA
Property UK OEICs
Aviva Inv High Yield Bond 1 Inc DBK0 Aviva Investors UK Fd
Serv Ltd GBX IMA Sterling High Yield UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Higher Income Plus 1 NX17 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA Sterling Strategic Bond UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Higher Income Plus 2 NX19 Aviva Investors
UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA Sterling Strategic Bond UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Higher Income Plus 3 CU84 Aviva Investors UK Fd
Serv Ltd GBX IMA Sterling Strategic Bond UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Higher Income Plus A GN70 Aviva Investors UK
Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA Sterling Strategic Bond UK OEICs
Aviva Inv International Index Tracking 1 NA86 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA
Global UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Intl Index Tracking 3 CU86 Aviva Investors UK
Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA Global UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Managed High Income 1 NA85 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA Sterling Strategic Bond UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Managed High Income 2 NA65 Aviva Investors UK
Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA Sterling Strategic Bond UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Monthly Income Plus 1 Acc CU49 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv
Ltd GBX IMA Sterling Corporate Bond UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Monthly Income Plus 1 Inc C389 Aviva Investors
UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA Sterling Corporate Bond UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Monthly Income Plus 3 Acc GN66 Aviva Investors
UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA Sterling Corporate Bond UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Monthly Income Plus 3 Inc GD04 Aviva Investors UK
Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA Sterling Corporate Bond UK OEICs
Aviva Inv Property Investment GN76 Aviva Investors UK Fd
Serv Ltd GBX IMA Property UK Authorised Unit Trust
Aviva Inv Property Trust 1 Acc NM40 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA
Property UK Authorised Unit Trust
Aviva Inv Property Trust 1 Inc NU88 Aviva Investors UK Fd
Serv Ltd GBX IMA Property UK Authorised Unit Trust
Aviva Inv UK Equity 1 NA83 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA UK All Companies UK OEICs
Aviva Inv UK Equity 2 NA54 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA UK All Companies UK OEICs
Aviva Inv UK Equity 3 CU74 Aviva
Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA UK All Companies UK OEICs
Aviva Inv UK Equity A GN71 Aviva Investors
UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA UK All Companies UK OEICs
Aviva Inv UK Equity Income 1 NA94 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA UK Equity Income UK OEICs
Aviva Inv UK Equity Income 2 NA56 Aviva Investors UK Fd
Serv Ltd GBX IMA UK Equity Income UK OEICs
Aviva Inv UK Equity Income 2 Acc 05NY Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA UK Equity Income UK OEICs
Aviva Inv UK Equity Income 3 CU75 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv
Ltd GBX IMA UK Equity Income UK OEICs
Aviva Inv UK Equity Income A GN68 Aviva
Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA UK Equity Income UK
OEICs
Aviva Inv UK Growth 1 NA93 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA UK All Companies UK OEICs
Aviva Inv UK Growth 3 CU77 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA UK
All Companies UK OEICs
Aviva Inv UK Growth A GN73 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA UK All Companies UK OEICs
Aviva Inv UK Income & Growth 1 GN01 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA
UK All Companies UK OEICs
Aviva Inv UK Income & Growth 3 CU95 Aviva Investors
UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA UK All Companies UK OEICs
Aviva Inv UK Index Tracking 1 NA95 Aviva Investors UK
Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA UK All Companies UK OEICs
Aviva Inv UK Index Tracking 3 AS54 Aviva Investors UK Fd
Serv Ltd GBX IMA UK All Companies UK OEICs
Aviva Inv UK Smaller Companies 1 NA96 Aviva Investors UK
Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA UK Smaller Companies UK OEICs
Aviva Inv UK Smaller Companies 2 NA57 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv
Ltd GBX IMA UK Smaller Companies UK OEICs
Aviva Inv UK Smaller Cos 3 CU78 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA UK Smaller Companies UK OEICs
Aviva Inv UK Special Situations 1 N743 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd
GBX IMA UK All Companies UK OEICs
Aviva Inv US Equity Income 1 Inc 04TC Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd
GBX IMA Unclassified UK OEICs
Aviva Inv World Leaders 1 CU20 Aviva Investors UK
Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA Global UK OEICs
Aviva Inv World Leaders 2 GN31 Aviva Investors UK Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA Global UK OEICs
Aviva Inv World Leaders 3 GD03 Aviva Investors UK
Fd Serv Ltd GBX IMA Global UK OEICs
Aviva Invesco Monthly Income Plus Pn Inv IHE5 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Sterling Strategic Bond UK Pension Funds
Aviva Invesco Perpetual Asian S4 NL38 Aviva Life & Pensions UK
Ltd GBX ABI Asia Pacific excluding Japan Equities UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Invesco Perpetual Corporate Bond I N644 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI
Sterling Corporate Bond UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Invesco Perpetual Corporate Bond S N032 Aviva Life &
Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Sterling Corporate Bond UK
Insurance Funds
Aviva Invesco Perpetual Dist S4 DSB2 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Mixed
Investment 20%-60% Shrs UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Invesco Perpetual Euro Equity S4 NL42
Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Europe excluding
UK Equities UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Invesco Perpetual High Income Inet ASJ5 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI UK Equity Income UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Invesco Perpetual High Income Pn I A8X8
Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI UK Equity Income UK Pension Funds
Aviva Invesco Perpetual High Income Pn I IHE1 Aviva Life &
Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI UK Equity Income UK Pension Funds
Aviva Invesco Perpetual High Income Pn S A8X7 Aviva Life
& Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI UK Equity Income UK Pension Funds
Aviva Invesco Perpetual High Income S4 ASJ4 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI UK Equity Income UK
Insurance Funds
Aviva Invesco Perpetual Income Inet N665 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI UK
Equity Income UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Invesco Perpetual Income Pn Invesc IHE2 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI
UK Equity Income UK Pension Funds
Aviva Invesco Perpetual Income Pn S6 A8X9 Aviva Life & Pensions
UK Ltd GBX ABI UK Equity Income UK Pension Funds
Aviva Invesco Perpetual Monthly Income P A8Y1 Aviva Life
& Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Sterling Strategic Bond UK Pension Funds
Aviva Invesco Perpetual UK Equity Pn Inv IHE6 Aviva Life &
Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI UK All Companies UK Pension Funds
Aviva Investec Global Energy Pn Inet DEK7 Aviva Life & Pensions
UK Ltd GBX ABI Commodity & Energy UK Pension Funds
Aviva Investors European Equity Z EUR 03JW Aviva Investors Luxembourg SA EUR FO Equity – Europe ex UK Offshore FSA
Aviva Investors Global Convertibles Ax H C5B3 Aviva Investors Luxembourg
SA GBP FO Convertible Offshore FSA
Aviva Jupiter Absolute Return Pn S13 AAOS Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Specialist UK Pension Funds
Aviva Jupiter Emerging European Opportun A8Z0 Aviva
Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Global Emerging Markets Equities UK
Pension Funds
Aviva Jupiter Japan Income Inet HQG3 Aviva Life & Pensions UK
Ltd GBX ABI Japan Equities UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Jupiter Japan Income Pn S13 AAOZ Aviva Life
& Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Japan Equities UK Pension Funds
Aviva Jupiter Merlin Balanced Portfolio AAPA Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Mixed Investment 40%-85% Shrs UK Pension Funds
Aviva Jupiter Merlin Balanced Portfolio BEO7 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Mixed Investment 40%-85%
Shrs UK Pension Funds
Aviva Jupiter Merlin Income Portfolio S4 HQG8 Aviva Life & Pensions
UK Ltd GBX ABI Mixed Investment 20%-60% Shrs UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Juptier Financial Opportunties S4 N029 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Specialist UK Insurance Funds
Aviva Kames Strategic Bond S4 ASI4 Aviva Life & Pensions UK Ltd GBX ABI Sterling Strategic Bond UK Insurance
Funds
Aviva M&G Global Leaders Pn S13 AAPL Aviva Life & Pensions
UK Ltd GBX ABI Global Equities UK Pension Funds
Aviva M&G Optimal Income Inet HQH7 Aviva
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Aston Villa are closing in on signing Borussia Dortmund forward Donyell
Malen for £21million.
Mail Sport first reported last month that Villa had
reignited their interest in the Dutch forward.
Negotiations between the two clubs have been ongoing throughout the month after Villa’s opening £15m plus bonuses offer fell
short of the £25m fee the Bundesliga outfit are looking to receive.
Mail Sport then revealed in December that Unai Emery’s side had submitted an improved £21m
offer for the 25-year-old, and Dortmund have deemed that to be at an acceptable level.
Malen can play across the front line, predominantly on the right wing, and would give Villa
extra pace plus depth and quality for Emery in attacking positions as
they look to qualify for the Champions League for the
second successive season.
The Netherlands international has 18 months remaining on his contract at the Westfalenstadion and Dortmund have been open to selling him
in January.
Aston Villa are closing in on the £21million signing of Borussia Dortmund
star Donyell Malen
Negotiations between the two clubs continue after Villa’s opening
£15million plus bonuses offer fell short of the £25m fee the Bundesliga outfit are looking to receive
Meanwhile, Villa are also locked in talks
with PSG with the French giants keen on Jhon Duran
Malen also has a strong rapport with Villa left-back Ian Maatsen,
the two having played together at Dortmund and through the national team set-up.
The Dutchman started out in Ajax’s academy before joining Arsenal where he graduated through the youth team into the first team reckoning and figured in their pre-season tour
to Australia in 2017 but was then sold that August to PSV Eindhoven.
He excelled in Holland, scoring 40 league goals
in just over 80 appearances before being snapped up by Dortmund.
Villa are exploring terms as they try to strengthen Emery’s squad this month, with the possibility
of up to three additions in January.
Winger Jadon Philogene is expected to join Ipswich Town for £22million, just six months after Villa re-signed him from Hull
City.
Malen has scored five goals this season in 21 appearances, while he has also netted nine times in 41 caps for his country.
Villa, who beat West Ham 2-1 in the FA Cup third round on Friday night, currently sit eighth in the Premier League,
four points off the top four.
They return to action on Wednesday when they travel to Everton in what will be David
Moyes’ first game in charge of the Toffees since returning to Goodison Park over
the weekend.
Aston Villa’s next test comes against Everton, with David
Moyes (above) set for his second spell in charge of the
Toffees after replacing Sean Dyche as manager at Goodison Park
Everton, meanwhile, are weighing up a move for Lyon forward Ernest Nuamah
in January
The Merseyside club are themselves considering a move for Lyon winger Ernest Nuamah who was offered to them last summer.
The 21-year-old has also attracted interest from Fulham, who Mail Sport reported earlier this
season saw a move fall through at the 11th hour while the player was having a medical
last summer.
Nuamah’s route from Ghana to Europe was a familiar one,
joining Nordsjaelland in Denmark thanks to their partnership with the Right to Dream Academy in his home country.
Aston VillaBundesligaChampions League
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Louisiana Gov and Republican presidential candidate Bobby Jindal has stood by his controversial remarks in which he blamed the mass shooting at Umpqua
Community College in Oregon on the shooter’s father.
In a blog post on his campaign website, Jindal said Chris Harper-Mercer’s father, Ian Mercer, is ‘the
problem’ and that he ‘should be embarrassed to even show his face in public’.
After facing criticism for his comments, he stood
by his claims on Sunday during a televised interview.
Jindal claims that the October 1 shooting, which left ten people dead including Harper-Mercer, occurred partly because Ian Mercer was not
in his son’s life.
Bobby Jindal, pictured here in September, said on Sunday that the Oregon shooting at Umpqua Community
College should be blamed on the gunman’s father
Gunman Chris Harper-Mercer lived with his mother and hadn’t been in contact with his father, Ian Mercer, who claims he
didn’t know his son owned guns
‘The killer’s father is now lecturing us on the need for gun control and he says
he has no idea how or where his son got the guns,’ Jindal wrote on his blog.
‘Of course he doesn’t know. You know why he doesn’t
know?
‘Because he is not, and has never been in his son’s life.
He is a complete failure as a father, he should be embarrassed to even show
his face in public. He’s the problem here.’
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Though Jindal received backlash following his comments, he doubled
down on Sunday during an interview with ABC News saying Ian Mercer has no right to lecture Americans
on gun control.
‘We’ve got a culture that doesn’t value life. We’ve got millions of boys growing up without father figures, without that guidance at
home,’ he said.
Speaking to ABC, Jindall called Ian Mercer ‘a complete failure as a father’ criticizing the man for not being
in his son’s life. He claimed Mercer ‘doesn’t need
to be lecturing us on gun control’
undefined
He added: ‘Too often these shooters are misguided young men. So you’ve got Hillary
Clinton, Barack Obama, now this shooter’s father lecturing
us on the need for gun control.
‘He doesn’t need to be lecturing us. He by his
own admission didn’t know how his son got those guns, didn’t know how many guns his son had.
‘By his own admission wasn’t involved in his son’s life, hadn’t been communicating with
him since he was living with his mother. He doesn’t need to be lecturing us on gun control.
‘We need to fix our culture. We need a renaissance of decency,
we need a spiritual revival in this country. Passing
more laws to take away the rights of law-abiding Americans won’t solve this problem, won’t stop the next massacre, won’t stop the next tragedy.’
He also told ABC that there is a ‘moral decay
going on in our culture’, that has led to too much violence in movies, TV, video games and music.
THE 2016 FIELD: WHO’S IN, WHO’S QUIT AND WHO’S STILL THINKING IT OVER
A whopping 20 people from America’s two major political parties are candidates in the 2016 presidential election.
The field includes two women, an African-American and two
Latinos. All but one in that group – Hillary Clinton – are Republicans.
At 15 candidates, the GOP field is without two early dropouts but still deeper than ever after one current and one former
governor bowed out.
A few Democrats are still assessing their chances at succeeding in a much smaller group
of five that includes a former secretary of state and
a current senator.
REPUBLICANS IN THE RACE
Jeb Bush Former Florida governor
Age on Election Day: 63
Religion: Catholic
Base: Moderates
Résumé: Former Florida governor and secretary of state.
Former co-chair of the Barbara Bush Foundation for Family Literacy.
Education: B.A. University of Texas at Austin.
Family: Married to Columba Bush (1974), with three adult children. Noelle Bush has
made news with her struggle with drug addiction, and related arrests.
George P. Bush was elected Texas land commissioner in 2014.
Jeb’s father George H.W. Bush was the 41st President of the United States, and his brother George W.
Bush was number 43.
Claim to fame: Jeb was an immensely popular governor with strong
economic and jobs credentials. He is also one
of just two GOP candidates who is fluent in Spanish.
Achilles heel: Bush has angered conservatives with his permissive positions on illegal immigration (saying some border-crossing is ‘an act
of love) and common-core education standards.
His last name could also be a liability with voters who fear establishing a family dynasty in the White House.
Chris Christie New Jersey governor
Age on Election Day: 54
Religion: Catholic
Base: Establishment-minded conservatives
Résumé: Governor of New Jersey. Former U.S. Attorney
for the District of New Jersey. Former Morris County freeholder and
lobbyist.
Governor of New Jersey. Former U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey.
Former Morris County freeholder. Former statehouse lobbyist.
Education: B.A. University of Delaware,
Newark, J.D. Seton Hall University.
Family: Married to Mary Pat Foster (1986) with four children.
Claim to fame: Pugnacious and unapologetic, Christie once told a heckler to ‘sit down and shut up’ and brings a brash style
to everything he does. That includes the post-9/11 criminal prosecutions of terror suspects that made
his reputation as a hard-charger.
Achilles heel: Christie is often accused of embracing an ego-driven and needlessly abrasive style.
His administration continues to operate under a ‘Bridgegate’ cloud:
At least two aides have been indicted in an alleged scheme to
shut down lanes leading to the George Washington Bridge as
political retribution for a mayor who refused to endorse the governor’s re-election.
Carly Fiorina Former tech CEO
Age on Election Day: 62
Religion: Episcopalian
Base: Conservatives
Résumé: Former CEO of Hewett-Packard. Former group president of Lucent
Technologies. Former U.S. Senate candidate in California.
Education: B.A. Stanford University. UCLA School
of Law (did not finish). M.B.A. University of Maryland.
M.Sci. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Family: Married to Frank Fiorina (1985), with one adult
step-daughter and another who is deceased. She has two step-grandchildren. Divorced
from Todd Bartlem (1977-1984).
Claim to fame: Fiorina was the first woman to lead a Fortune 20 company, something that could provide ammunition against the
Democratic Party’s drive to make Hillary Clinton the first female
president. She is also the only woman in the 2016 GOP field, making her the one Republican who can’t be accused of sexism.
Achilles heel: Fiorina’s unceremonious firing by HP’s board has
led to questions about her management and leadership styles.
And her only political experience has been a failed Senate bid in 2010 against
Barbara Boxer.
Lindsey Graham South Carolina senator
Age on Election Day: 61
Religion: Southern Baptist
Base: Otherwise moderate war hawks
Résumé: U.S. senator. Retired Air Force Reserves colonel.
Former congressman. Former South Carolina state representative.
Education: B.A. University of South Carolina.
J.D. University of South Carolina Law School.
Family: Never married. Raised his sister Darline after their parents died while he was
a college student and she was 13.
Claim to fame: Graham is a hawk’s hawk, arguing consistently for greater intervention in the Middle
East, once arguing in favor of pre-emptive military
strikes against Iran. His influence was credited for pushing President George
W. Bush to institute the 2007 military ‘surge’ in Iraq.
Achilles heel: Some of his critics have taken to call him ‘Grahamnesty,’ citing his participating in a 2013
‘gang of eight’ strategy to approve an Obama-favored immigration bill.
He has also aroused the ire of conservative Republicans by supporting global warming legislation and voting for some of the president’s
judicial nominees.
Bobby Jindal Louisiana governor
Age on Election Day: 45
Religion: Catholic
Base: Social conservatives
Résumé: Governor of Louisiana. Former congressman. Former Assistant Secretary of Health and
Human Services for Planning and Evaluation. Former Secretary of the Louisiana
Department of Health and Hospitals.
Education: B. Sci. Brown University. M.Litt. New College at Oxford University
Family: Married to Supriya Jolly (1997), with three children, each of whom has an Indian first name and an American middle name.
Bobby Jindal’s given name is Piyush.
Claim to fame: Jindal’s main source of national attention has been his strident opposition to federal-level ‘Common Core’ education standards, which included a federal lawsuit that a judge dismissed in late March.
He is also outspoken on the religious-freedom issues involved in mainstreaming gay marriage into the lives of
American Christians.
Achilles heel: During his first term as governor,
Jindal signed a science education law that requires
schools to present alternatives to the theory of
evolution, including religious creationism. His staunch defense
of businesses that want to steer clear of providing
services to same-sex couples at their weddings
will win points among evangelicals but alienate others.
George Pataki Former New York governor
Age on Election Day: 71
Religion: Catholic
Base: Centrists
Résumé: Former governor of New York. Former New York state senator and state assemblyman.
Former mayor of Peekskill, NY.
Education: B.A. Yale University.
J.D. Columbia Law School.
Family: Married to Libby Rowland (1973), with four adult children.
Claim to fame: Pataki was just the third Republican governor in New York’s
history, winning an improbable victory over three-term incumbent Mario
Cuomo in 1994. He was known for being a rare tax-cutter in Albany and was also
the sitting governor when the 9/11 terror attacks rocked New York CIty
in 2001.
Achilles heel: While Pataki’s liberal-leaning social agenda plays well in the Empire State, it won’t win him any fans among the GOP’s conservative base.
He supports abortion rights and gay rights, and has advocated strongly in favor of government intervention to stop global warming,
which right-wingers believe is overblown as a global threat.
Marco Rubio Florida senator
Age on Election Day: 45
Religion: Catholic
Base: Conservatives
Résumé: US senator, former speaker of the Florida House of Representatives,
former city commissioner of West Miami
Education: B.A. University of Florida. J.D.
University of Miami School of Law.
Family: Married to Jeanette Dousdebes (1998), with two sons and two
daughters. Jeanette is a former Miami Dolphins cheerleader who posed for the squad’s first swimsuit calendar.
Claim to fame: Rubio’s personal story as the
son of Cuban emigres is a powerful narrative, and
helped him win his Senate seat in 2010 against a well-funded governor whom he initially trailed by 20
points.
Achilles heel: Rubio was part of a bipartisan ‘gang of eight’
senators who crafted an Obama-approved immigration reform bill in 2013 which never became law
– a move that angered conservative Republicans.
And he was criticized in 2011 for publicly telling a version of his parents’ flight from Cuba that turned out to appear embellished.
Donald Trump Real estate developer
Age on Election Day: 70
Religion: Presbyterian
Base: Conservatives
Résumé: Chairman of The Trump Organization. Fixture on the Forbes
400 list of the world’s richest people. Star of ‘Celebrity Apprentice.’
Education: B.Sci. Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania
Family: Married to Melania Trump (2005). Divorced from Ivana Zelníčková (1977-92) and Marla Maples(1993-99).
Five grown children. Trump’s father Fred Trump amassed a $400 million fortune
developing real estate.
Claim to fame: Trump’s niche in the 2016 campaign stems
from his celebrity as a reality-show host and his enormous wealth – more than $10 billion, according to Trump.
Because he can self-fund an entire presidential campaign, he is seen as less beholden to
donors than other candidates. He has grabbed the attention of reporters and commentators by unapologetically staking out controversial positions and refusing
to budge in the face of criticism.
Achilles heel: Trump is a political neophyte who has toyed with
running for president and for governor of New York, but shied
away from taking the plunge until now. His billions also have the potential to alienate large
swaths of the electorate. And his Republican rivals
have labeled him an ego-driven celeb and an electoral sideshow because of his all-over-the-map
policy history – much of which agreed with today’s today’s democrats
– and his past enthusiasm for anti-Obama ‘birtherism.’
Ben Carson Retired Physician
Age on Election Day: 65
Religion: Seventh-day Adventist
Base: Evangelicals
Résumé: Famous pediatric neurosurgeon, youngest person to head a major Johns
Hopkins Hospital division. Founder of the Carson Scholars Fund, which awards scholarships to children of
good character.
Education: B.A. Yale University. M.D. University of
Michigan Medical School.
Family: Married to Candy Carson (1975), with three adult sons.
The Carsons live in Maryland with Ben’s elderly mother Sonya, who was a seminal influence on his life and development.
Claim to fame: Carson spoke at a National Prayer Breakfast in 2013, railing against political correctness and condemned Obamacare – with President Obama sitting just a few feet away.
Achilles heel: Carson is inflexibly conservative, opposing gay marriage
and once saying gay attachments formed in prison provided
evidence that sexual orientation is a choice.
Ted Cruz Texas senator
Age on Election Day: 45
Religion: Southern Baptist
Base: Tea partiers
Résumé:U.S. senator. Former Texas solicitor general.
Former U.S. Supreme Court clerk. Former associate deputy attorney general under President George W.
Bush.
Education: B.A. Princeton University.
J.D. Harvard Law School.
Family: Married to Heidi Nelson Cruz (2001), with two young daughters.
His father is a preacher and he has two half-sisters.
Claim to fame: Cruz spoke on the Senate
floor for more than 21 hours in September 2013 to protest the inclusion of funding for Obamacare in a
federal budget bill. (The bill moved forward as written.) He has called for the
complete repeal of the medical insurance overhaul law, and also for a dismantling of the Internal
Revenue Service. Cruz is also outspoken about
border security.
Achilles heel: Cruz’s father Rafael, a Texas preacher, is a tea party firebrand who
has said gay marriage is a government conspiracy and called President Barack Obama
a Marxist who should ‘go back to Kenya.’ Cruz himself also
has a reputation as a take-no-prisoners Christian evangelical,
which might play well in South Carolina but won’t win him points in the other early primary states and could cost him momentum if he should be the GOP’s presidential nominee.
Jim Gilmore Former Virginia governor
Age on Election Day: 67
Religion: United Methodist
Base: Conservatives
Résumé: Former governor and attorney general of Virginia.
Former chairman of the Republican National Committee. Former U.S.
Army intelligence agent. President and CEO of the Free Congress Foundation. Board member of the National Rifle Association
Education: B.A. University of Virginia.
Family: Married to Roxane Gatling Gilmore (1977), with
two adult children. Mrs. GIlmore is a survivor of Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Claim to fame: Gilmore presided over Virginia when the 9/11 terrorists struck in 1991, guiding the state through a difficult economic downturn after one of
the hijacked airliners crashed into the Pentagon. He is nest known in Virginia for eliminating most of a much-maligned personal
property tax on automobiles, working with a Democratic-controlled state legislature to get it passed and enacted.
Achilles heel: Gilmore is the only GOP or Democratic
candidate for president who has been the chairman of his political
party, giving him a rap as an ‘establishment’ candidate.
A social-conservative crusader, he is loathed by the left
for championing the state law that established 24-hour waiting periods
for abortions. Gilmore also has a reputation as an indecisive campaigner, having dropped out of the
2008 presidential race in July 2007.
Mike Huckabee Former Arkansas governor
Age on Election Day: 61
Religion: Southern Baptist
Base: Evangelicals
Résumé: Former governor and lieutenant governor of Arkansas.
Former Fox News Channel host. Ordained minister and author.
Education: B.A. Ouachita Baptist University. Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary (did not finish).
Family: Married to Janet Huckabee (1974), with three adult children. Mrs.
Huckabee is a survivor of spinal cancer.
Claim to fame: ‘Huck’ is a political veteran and has run for
president before, winning the Iowa Caucuses in 2008 and finishing second for the GOP
nomination behind John McCain. He’s known as an affable Christian and succeeded in building a huge following on his
weekend television program, in which he frequently sat
in on the electric bass with country & western groups and other ‘wholesome’ musical entertainers.
Achilles heel: Huckabee may have a problem with female voters.
He complained in 2014 about Obamacare’s mandatory contraception coverage, saying Democrats want women to ‘believe that they are helpless
without Uncle Sugar.’ He earned more scorn for hawking herbal supplements in early-2015 infomercials as
a diabetes cure, something he has yet to disavow despite disagreement from medical experts.
John Kasich Ohio governor
Age on Election Day: 64
Religion: Anglican
Base: Centrists
Résumé: Governor of New York. Former chairman of the U.S.
House Budget Committee. Former Ohio congressman. Former Ohio state senator.
Education: B.A. The Ohio State University.
Family: Married to Karen Waldbillig (1997).
Divorced from Mary Lee Griffith (1975-1980).
Claim to fame: Kasich was Ohio youngest-ever member of the state legislature at age 25.
He’s known for a compassionate and working-class sensibility that appeals to
both ends of the political spectrum. In the 1990s when Newt Gingrich
led a Republican revolution that took over Congress, Kasich became the chairman of the House Budget Committee – a position for a wonk’s wonk who understands the
nuanced intricacies of how government runs.
Achilles heel: Some of Kasich’s political positions
rankle conservatives, including his choice to expand Ohio’s Medicare system
under the Obamacare law, and his support for the much-derided ‘Common Core’ education standards
program.
Rand Paul Kentucky senator
Age on Election Day: 53
Religion: Presbyterian
Base: Libertarians
Résumé: US senator. Board-certified ophthalmologist.
Former congressional campaign manager for his father Ron Paul.
Education: Baylor University (did not
finish). M.D. Duke University School of Medicine.
Family: Married to Kelley Ashby (1990), with three sons.
His father is a former Texas congressman who ran for president three times but never got close to
grabbing the brass ring.
Claim to fame: Paul embraces positions that are at odds with most in the GOP, including an anti-interventionist foreign policy,
reduced military spending, criminal drug sentencing reform for African-Americans and strict limits
on government electronic surveillance – including a clampdown on the National Security Agency.
Achilles heel: Paul’s politics are aligned with those of
his father, whom mainstream GOPers saw as kooky. Both Pauls have advocated for
a brand of libertarianism that forces government to
stop domestic surveillance programs and limits foreign military interventions.
Rick Santorum Former Penn. senator
Age on Election Day: 58
Religion: Catholic
Base: Evangelicals
Résumé: Former US senator and former member of the House
of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Former lobbyist who represented World Wrestling Entertainment.
Education: B.A. Penn State University. M.B.A.
University of Pittsburgh. J.D. Penn State University
Dickinson School of Law.
Family: Married to Karen Santorum (1990),
with seven living children. One baby was stillborn in 1996.
Another, named Isabella, is a special needs child with a genetic disorder.
Claim to fame: Santorum won the 2012 Republican Iowa Caucuses by
a nose. He won by visiting all of Iowa’s 99 states in a pickup truck belonging to his state campaign director, a consultant who now worls for Donald Trump.
Achilles heel: As a young lobbyist, Santorum persuaded the federal government to exempt pro wrestling from regulations governing the use of anabolic steroids.
And the stridently conservative politician has attracted strong opposition from gay rights
groups. One gay columnist held a contest to
redefine his name, buying the ‘santorum.com’ domain to advertise the winning entry –
which is too vulgar to print.
REPUBLICAN DROPOUTS
Rick Perry, former Texas governor
(withdrew Sept. 11, 2015)
Scott Walker, Wisconsin governor
(withdrew Sept. 21, 2015)
DEMOCRATS IN THE RACE
Lincoln Chafee Former Rhode Island governor
Age on Election Day: 63
Religion: Episcopalian
Base: Centrists
Résumé: Former Rhode Island governor. Former
U.S. senator. Former city councilman and mayor of Warwick, RI.
Education: B.A. Brown University. Graduate, Montana State University horseshoeing school.
Family: Married to Stephanie Chafee (1990) with three
children. Like him, his father John Chafee was a Rhode Island governor and
US senator, but also served as Secretary of the Navy. Lincoln was appointed to his Senate seat when his father died in office.
Claim to fame: While Chafee was a Republican senator during
the George W. Bush administration, he cast his party’s only vote in 2002 against a resolution that authorized military
action in Iraq. Hillary Clinton, also a senator then, voted in favor – giving him a point of comparison that he hopes to ride to victory.
Achilles heel: Chafee’s lack of any significant party loyalty has turned allies into foes
throughout his political career, and Democrats aren’t sure he’s entirely with
them now. He was elected to the Senate as a Republican in 2000 but left the party and declared himself a political independent after losing a re-election bid in 2006.
As an independent, he was elected governor in 2010.
Now he’s running for president as a Democrat.
Martin O’Malley Former Maryland governor
Age on Election Day: 53
Religion: Catholic
Base: Centrists
Résumé:Former Maryland governor. Former city councilor and mayor of Baltimore,
MD. Former Assistant U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia.
Education: B.A. Catholic University of America.
J.D. University of Maryland.
Family: Married to Katie Curran (1990) and they have four children. Curran is a district court judge in Baltimore.
Her father is Maryland’s attorney general. O’Malley’s mother is a receptionists in the
Capitol Hill office of Democratic Sen. Barbara Mikulski.
Claim to fame: O’Malley pushed for laws in Maryland legalizing same-sex marriage and giving illegal
immigrants the right to pay reduced tuition rates at public universities.
But he’s best known for playing guitar and sung in a
celtic band cammed ‘O’Malley’s March.’
Achilles heel: O’Malley may struggle in the Democratic primary since he endorsed Hillary Clinton eight years ago.
If he prevails, he will have to run far enough to her left to be an easy target for the GOP.
He showed political weakness when his hand-picked successor lost the 2014 governor’s race
to a Republican. But most troubling is his link
with Baltimore, whose 2016 race riots have made it a nuclear subject for politicians of all stripes.
Jim Webb Former Virginia senator
Age on Election Day: 70
Religion: Christian (nondenominational)
Base: War hawks
and economic centrists
Résumé:Former U.S. senator from Virginia. Former U.S.
Secretary of the Navy under Ronamd Reagan. Former Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs.
Education: B.A. US Naval Academy (transferred from the University of Southern California).
J.D. Georgetown University.
Family: Married to Hong Le Webb (2005). Divorced from Jo
Ann Krukar (1981-2004). Divorced from Barbara Samorajczyk (1968-1979).
Claim to fame: Webb is the rare Democrat who can bring both robust defense credentials and a
history of genuine bipartisanship to the race.
He served in Republican president Ronald Reagan’s defense directorate as Navy secretary, and earned both the Navy Star
and the Purple Heart in combat. Webb is also seen as
a quiet scholar who has written more than a half-dozen historical novels and a critically
acclaimed history of Scots-Irish U.S. immigrants.
Achilles heel: Webb has a reputation as a bit of a quitter.
He resigned his Navy secretary post over
a budget-cut dispute just 10 months after taking the job,
and he declined to run for re-election to the U.S. Senate in 2006.
He also attracted bad press for defending the use of the Confederate flag as a
heritage symbol for American southerners. Amid a nationwide clamor to remove
the flag from the South Carolina statehouse grounds, he wrote that Americans should ‘respect the complicated history of the Civil War.
… Honorable Americans fought on both sides.’
Hillary Clinton Former sec. of state
Age on Election Day: 69
Religion: United Methodist
Base: Liberals
Résumé:Former secretary of state. Former U.S.
senator from New York. Former U.S. first lady.
Former Arkansas first lady. Former law school faculty, University of
Arkansas Fayetteville.
Education: B.A. Wellesley College. J.D. Yale Law School.
Family: Married to Bill Clinton (1975), the 42nd President of the United States.
Their daughter Chelsea is married to investment banker Marc Mezvinsky, whose mother was a 1990s
one-term Pennsylvania congresswoman.
Claim to fame: Clinton was the first US first lady with a postgraduate degree and presaged Obamacare with
a failed attempt at health care reform in the
1990s.
Achilles heel: A long series of financial and ethical scandals has dogged Clinton, including recent allegations that her husband and their family foundation benefited financially from decisions she made as secretary of state.
Her performance surrounding the 2012 terror attack on a State Department facility in Benghazi, Libya, has been catnip for conservative Republicans.
And her presidential campaign has been marked by an unwillingness to engage journalists, instead meeting with
hand-picked groups of voters.
Bernie Sanders* Vermont senator
Age on Election Day: 75
Religion: Jewish
Base: Far-left progressives
Résumé:U.S. senator. Former U.S. congressman. Former mayor of Burlington,
VT.
Education: B.A. University of Chicago.
Family: Married to Jane O’Meara Sanders (1988), a former president of Burlington College.
He has one child from a previous relationship and is stepfather
to three from Mrs. Sanders’ previous marriage. His brother Larry is a Green Party politician in the UK and
formerly served on the Oxfordshire County Council.
Claim to fame: Sanders is an unusually blunt, and unapologetic pol,
happily promoting progressivism without hedging. He is also the longest-serving ‘independent’ member of Congress – neither Democrat nor
Republican.
Achilles heel: Sanders describes himself as a ‘democratic socialist.’ At a
time of huge GOP electoral gains, his far-left ideas don’t poll well.
He favors open borders, single-payer universal health insurance, and greater government control over media ownership.
* Sanders is running as a Democrat but has no party affiliation in the
Senate.
DEMOCRATS IN THE HUNT
Joe Biden, U.S. vice president
Biden would be a natural candidate as the White House’s sitting second-banana, but his reputation as a one-man gaffe factory could keep Democrats from taking him seriously.
Elizabeth Warren, Massachusetts senator
Warren is a populist liberal who could give Hillary Clinton headaches by challenging her from the left,
but she has said she has no plans to run and
is happy in the U.S. Senate.
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