Competency-Based Education and Project-Based Learning
https://www.rti.org/impact/competency-based-education-and-project-based-learning-johnston-county-public-schools

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https://academicpartnerships.uta.edu/articles/healthcare/pros-cons-competencybased-learning.aspx

The Glossary of Education Reform, “Competency-based learning refers to systems of instruction, assessment, grading, and academic reporting that are based on students demonstrating that they have learned the knowledge and skills they are expected to learn as they progress though their education.”

The benefits, or drawbacks, of competency-based learning (CBL) — also known as competency-based education, mastery-based education, performance-based education, standards-based education and proficiency-based education — are up for debate. Regardless, there are an increasing number of these types of programs, particularly in for-profit colleges.

Competency-based education, in short, focuses on mastery of content, not on how long it takes to learn it.
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What’s the Difference Between Project- and Challenge-Based Learning, Anyway?

https://www.edsurge.com/news/2017-12-27-what-s-the-difference-between-project-and-challenge-based-learning-anyway

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Problem-Based Learning vs. Project-Based Learning

https://teachingcommons.unt.edu/teaching-essentials/engaged-learning/problem-based-learning-vs-project-based-learning

Problem-based learning is a category of experiential learning that involves students in the process of critical thinking to examine problems that lack a well-defined answer. In problem-based learning, students are given a problem with only preliminary information. They work towards solving the problems themselves, rather than reviewing how others have resolved the situation or problem as in a case study. They do not produce a product as in project-based learning, and students are not necessarily working in the community unless they are gathering data.

Problem-based learning fosters students’ metacognitive skills. They must be consciously aware of what they already know about an area of discovery as well as what they do not know.

Project-based learning is a category of experiential learning where students are presented with a complex problem or question that has multiple potential solutions and possibilities for exploration. However, after studying this problem or question in their teams, students are challenged to develop a plan and create a product or artifact that addresses the problem.