Makransky, G., & Lilleholt, L. (2018). A structural equation modeling investigation of the emotional value of immersive virtual reality in education.
Educational Technology Research and Development,
66(5), 1141–1164.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-018-9581-2
an affective path in which immersion predicted presence and positive emotions, and a cognitive path in which immersion fostered a positive cognitive value of the task in line with the control value theory of achievement emotions.
business analyses and reports (e.g., Belini et al. 2016; Greenlight and Roadtovr 2016), predict that virtual reality (VR) could be the biggest future computing platform of all time.
better understanding of the utility and impact of VR when it is applied in an educational context.
several different VR systems exist, including cave automatic virtual envi-ronment (CAVE), head mounted displays (HMD) and desktop VR. CAVE is a projection-based VR system with display-screen faces surrounding the user (Cruz-Neira et al. 1992). As the user moves around within the bounds of the CAVE, the correct perspective and stereo projections of the VE are displayed on the screens. The user wears 3D glasses insidethe CAVE to see 3D structures created by the CAVE, thus allowing for a very lifelikeexperience. HMD usually consist of a pair of head mounted goggles with two LCD screens portraying the VE by obtaining the user ́s head orientation and position from a tracking system (Sousa Santos et al. 2008). HMD may present the same image to both eyes (monoscopic), or two separate images (stereoscopic) making depth perception possible. Like the CAVE, HMD offers a very realistic and lifelike experience by allowing the user to be completely surrounded by the VE. As opposed to CAVE and HMD, desktop VR does not allow the user to be surrounded by the VE. Instead desktop VR enables the user to interact with a VE displayed on a computer monitor using keyboard, mouse, joystick or touch screen (Lee and Wong 2014; Lee et al. 2010).
the use of simulations results in at least as good or better cognitive outcomes and attitudes
toward learning than do more traditional teaching methods (Bayraktar 2000; Rutten et al.
2012; Smetana and Bell 2012; Vogel et al. 2006). However, a recent report concludes that
there are still many questions that need to be answered regarding the value of simulations
in education (Natioan Research Council 2011). In the past, virtual learning simulations
were primarily accessed through desktop VR. With the increased use of immersive VR it is
now possible to obtain a much higher level of immersion in the virtual world, which
enhances many virtual experiences (Blascovich and Bailenson 2011).
an understanding of how to harness the emotional appeal of e-learning tools is a central issue for learning and instruction, since research shows that initial situ-ational interest can be a first step in promoting learning
several educational theories that describe the affective, emotional, and motivational factors that play a role in multimedia learning which are relevant for understanding the role of immersion in VR learning environments.
the cognitive-affective theory of learning with media (Moreno and
Mayer 2007),
and
the integrated cognitive affective model of learning with multimedia
(ICALM; Plass and Kaplan 2016)
control-value theory of achievement emotion CVTAE
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2014-09239-007
Presence, intrinsic motivation, enjoyment, and control and active learning are the affective factors used in this study. defintions
The sample consisted of 104 students (39 females and 65 males; average age =23.8 years)
from a large European university.
immersive VR (Samsung Gear VR with Samsung Galaxy S6) and
the desktop VR version of a virtual laboratory simulation (on a standard computer). The
participants were randomly assigned to two groups: the first used the immersive VR
followed by the desktop VR version, and the second used the two platforms in the opposite
sequence.
The VR learning simulation used in this experiment was developed by the company Labster and designed to facilitate learning within the field of biology at a university level. The VR simulation was based on a realistic murder case in which the participants were required to investigate a crime scene, collect blood samples and perform DNA analysis in a high-tech laboratory in order to identify and implicate the murderer
we conclude that the emotional value of the immersive VR version of the learning simulation is significantly greater than the desktop VR version. This is a major empirical contribution of this study.
https://medium.com/@segkrg/the-advantages-of-a-digital-twin-virtual-reality-campus-563b77c951cc
Consider these 10things that happen on a digital twin virtual reality campus that cannot happen in a real-world, physical campus:
- Expand a human organ and step inside it. (Here similar video with Mark Gill in the SCSU CAVE: https://youtu.be/EGbToEeoDlA?t=74)
- Step into a Star Trek-style transporter and beam up to a starship to learn astronomy on a space walk.
- Expand the dissectible pig to the size of a school bus and space-walk through the organs and cavities as you learn about anatomy.
- View a wooly mammoth skeleton and then step onto a time machine and go back in time 40,000 years to walk among a herd of wooly mammoths.
- Travel to the Great Wall of China, stand upon it and learn the history and engineering of this structure — all in the space of one class period.
- Select from the world’s greatest paintings and organize an exhibit in a museum — and let every student do this in their own way.
- Watch a video about dinosaurs and then watch as the dinosaurs walk out of the screen and into the middle of the classroom.
- Learn Spanish language and culture at the Pyramid of the Moon, rather than a four-walled classroom.
- Learn molecular biology by expanding molecules to the size of a basketball.
- Gain a greater understanding of history by stepping back in time to the Roman Colosseum and touring it as a class just as it stood 2500 years ago.
++++++++++++
more on digital worlds in this IMS blog
https://blog.stcloudstate.edu/ims?s=virtual+worlds
https://www.edsurge.com/news/2018-01-16-ready-player-one-science-fiction-s-vision-for-the-future-of-education
Whenever I’m doing a virtual-reality demonstration, I ask for 40 minutes to an hour to get all of the students set up with their headsets, oriented in the virtual space, and then the learning can actually begin. It is not just something where you can throw headsets in a classroom and expect everyone to immediately start the learning objectives that you’re aiming for. You do need to do a little of that work explaining how the technology functions and making sure that everyone has the vision requirements, the hearing requirements, the physical requirements.
+++++++++++
more on Ready Player One in this IMS blog
https://blog.stcloudstate.edu/ims?s=ready+player+one